Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 14-15 (1969-70) (Pécs, 1974)

Régészet - K. Zoffmann, Zs.: Anthropological Analysis of the Cemetery at Zengővárkony and the Neolithical Lengyel Culture in SW-Hungary

ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LENGYEL CULTURE 59 gin or the population of the Lengyel culture. The significant similarity with the Bohemian Corded Pottery series (which as J. CHOCHOL (1964) states may be considered on the basis of its taxonomic overall picture as fully indentical with the Bohemian autochton neolithic — eneolithic population) justifies the assumption that according to its taxonomic characteristics the population of the Lengyel culture is a fundamentally Central European population where besides important Cromagnon elements the Mediterranean type dominates. The significant similarity of the anthropologic series from the cemetery of Cernica and Cernavoda which belong to the Boian respectively to the Hamangia cultures, proves the connection of the Lengyel culture with the Northern Balkans, i.e. the intermingling of the Central European original inhabitants with populations from the Northern Balkans. The degree of intermingling between the autochton inhabitants and the new populations coming from South may be judged by the differences of the three fragmentary cemeteries of the Lengyel culture which are known till now. This hypothesis based on the results of the anthropological studies is supported by the findings of the archeological researches according to which the Lengyel culture was developed by the Linearceramic people from Central Europe, but was subject to strong southern influences. These archeological evidences (KALICZ 1967 MAKK A Y 1967) indicate that the mentioned southern influences may be traced back to the Vinca culture, ie. through it to Anatolian prehistoric cultures. This assumption is in agreement with the results obtained by the comparison of the anthropologic series which point to a close relationship between the population of Lengyel and the population of Boian culture which in its turn stands near to the Northern Balkan Vinca culture.

7 At the same time the anthropological comparison of the prehistoric populations of the more southern territories extending as far as Anatoly which, according to archeological studies played an equally important role in the development of the Lengyel culture, shows no closer relationship between theese populations and those of Lengyel. This participation in the development of the Lengyel culture seems rather indirect 7 The only anthropological series of the Vinca culture (9 male skeletons) excavated at the site Vinca, is not yet published. SCHWIDETZKY (1967) found that this fragmentary series presents significant similarities with the anthropologic material of the neolithic cultures on the Balkans and in Greece. for the time being as judged by the very minimal anthropologic material actually at our disposal.

8 8 I should like to express here my thanks to J. Nemeskéri and K. K. Éry for their valuable advice and the reading of this paper, to G. Bandi for his help in archeological problems, to S. Kerpel-Frónius for the translation, and to K. Nándor for the photographic work. I am particularly indebted to A. Thoma for his explanations and advice concerning the biométrie methods i.e. their practical application. REFERENCES ALEKSEEV, V. P. 1969 — Proiskhozdenie narodov Vostochnoj Evropy (Kraniologischeskoe issledovanie). (Moskva) ALEKSEEV, V. P.—DEBEC, G. F. 1964 — Kraniometria. (Moskva) ANGEL, J. L. 1944 — A Racial Analysis of the Ancient Greeks: An Essay on the Use of Physical Types. Am. J. of Phys. Anthr. 2:329—376. 1951 — Troy: The Human Remains. (Cincinatti) BACH, H. 1964/65 — Beitrag zur Anthropologie der Glockenbecherleute. Alt-Thüringen 7:208—227. BANDI, G. 1970 — Die Lengyel Kultur in Ungarn. Fundamenta. Reihe A, Band 3. Die Anfänge des Neolithikums vom Orient bis Nordeuropa. II. (Köln—Graz) BARTUCZ, L. 1966 — A praehistorikus trepanáció és orvostörténeti vonatkozású sírleletek (Prehistoric trephining and unearthed skeletons with bearings on medical history). Palaeopathologia III. (Budapest) BUNAK, V. V. 1961 — Neolithische Schädel typen Ost- und Westeuropas und ihre vergleichende Charakteristik. Anthrop. Közl. 5:21—38. CHOCHOL. J. 1964 — Antropologické materiály z novych vyzkumû neolitu a doby bronzove v Cechah. Crania Bohemica 1. 1964a — Antropologické materiály к nővé koncepci Ceskeho pravëku: Neolit a autochtoni eneolit. — Anthropologischen Matériáién zur Konzeption der böhmischen Vorzeit: Neolithikum und Aeneolithikum. AR 16:565— 573, 573. 1968 — Die anthropologische Untersuchung der prähistorischen ethnischen Beziehungen in der Tschechoslowakei. VII

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