Horváth Attila – H. Tóth Elvira szerk.: Cumania 4. Archeologia (Bács-Kiskun Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei, Kecskemét, 1976)

Matolcsi J.: Táltosló az Izsák-baláspusztai honfoglalás kori sírban

Table 1. Measurements of the skull (in mm) Name of the measurement Basilar length (B — P) Overall length (Op-P) Length of brain skull (Op —N) Length of naso-facial part (N —P) Length of nasal bone (N —

Rh) Length of facial crest (M —

Gl) Length of intermaxillar bone (Ni —P) Breadth of brain-skull (eu —eu) Frontal breadth (Ect—Ect) Frontal narrowing (fs—fs) Smallest distance between the orbits (Da —Da) Breadth of nasal bones (Fl—Fl) Facial breadth (Zmi—Zmi) Distance between foramina infraorbitalia (If—If) Horizontal diameter of orbit (Ect—Ent) Vertical diameter of orbit Breadth of foramen magnum Distance between foramen magnum and aboral end of palate (B — Length of palate (St — P) Greatest length of maxilla (Mo —U) Distance between central incisor and last molar (P—Pd) Praemolar-molar length (Pm—Mol

3

) Length of diastema (Ic —Pm) Breadth of incisor row Inner breadth of palate I (Pm—Pm) Outer breadth of palate II (Mj—Mj) Greatest aboral breadth (Ot —Ot) Distance between the occipital condyles (C —C) Nuchal height (Op-O) all early Hungarian horses.

11 Its brain-skull length comes to 81,4% of the length of the naso-facial part. This measurement is 70% of the skull of a recent primitive Hungarian horse, the only one which was studied in this regard.

12 There are two methods at our disposal to judge the transversal proportions of the skull. The index of frontal breadth vs. basilar length shows the narrowness of the skull in the conventional way (see Table 1). In fact, this index is not suitable for judging whether 11 The „length of brain-skull" shows in fact the distance between the Opisthocranion and the Nasion (Op-N) that is not entirely identical with the real length of the brainskull. 12

BESSKO J.: 1906, 152-163. - MATOLCSI, J.: 1970, 212-215. lolute value in me pcii-cuiagc of the basilar length 463.3 100.0 508.0 109.6 239.5 51.6 294.0 63.4 215.3 46.4 196.0 42.3 180.0 38.8 104.5 22.5 199.0 42.9 83,0 17.9 135.0 29.1 108.4 23.3 168.7 36.4 80.6 17.3 57.5 12.4 53.0 11.4 33.0 7.1 211.5 45.6 253.0 54.6 271,0 58.4 285.0 61.5 160.4 34.6 90.4 19.5 65.5 14.1 63.2 13.6 67.7 14.6 192.0 41.4 78.0 16.8 60.6 13.0 the forehead of a skull is narrow or wide because its value heavily depends on the value of the basilar length. This is why long skulls with extraordinarily wide forehads often fall into one group with skulls of very narrow forehead. In order to eliminate this flaw we introduced another method to the study of the skull proportions, the system of exponential indexes.,

u In the case of frontal breadth this means that we expose its value. That is, we divide its square with its basilar length. Thus 13 MATOLCSI, J., 1973. 301-303. - The exponential indexes proved to be very suitable for the study of such differences i n the proportions at which also absolute dimensions have to be taken into consideration. E. g. using this method the wide foreheadedness can be proven even in such a case when the skull is longer than the average. 193