Horváth Attila – H. Tóth Elvira szerk.: Cumania 4. Archeologia (Bács-Kiskun Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei, Kecskemét, 1976)

Matolcsi J.: Táltosló az Izsák-baláspusztai honfoglalás kori sírban

EI fii frontal breadth

2 basilar length On the basis of the 85,4 exponential index of its frontal breadth the horse of Izsák-Balázspuszta can be considered of medium wide forehead, just as more than 57% of the early Hungarian horses. It is true, however, that the exponential index of the horse of Izsák-Balázspuszta scarcely reached the lower limit of the medium wide foreheaded group. The exponential index of the facial breadth is 61.4, which puts this individual into the horse group of medium facial breadth. On this skull the value of the facial breadth corresponds to 84.7% of the frontal breadth, and also this index shows an average proportion at early Hungarian horses. All these measures strengthen the previous observation, that statistically the early Hungarian horses differ from the Avar horses with narrower forehads and wider facial parts. Considering the low value of the exponential index of the frontal breadth, this observation completely fits the horse of Izsák-Balázspuszta. name of the measurement Full length (id—goc) Length to processus condyloideus (id —cm) Length to M.j (id — M

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) Distance tbetween P, and aboral end of process Length of diastema Praemolar-molar length Pi-Рз Щ M

s Height up to processus condyloideus (gov—cm) Height up to processus coronoideus (gov- cr) Height at Pj Height at M

x Breadth of incisor row Smallest breadth of horizontal part Breadth at M

1 Distance between the lateral parts of processi condyloidei The difference between the Avar and early Hungarian horses is reflected in the distribution of the values of the length of praemolar-molar row as well. Among the early Hungarian horses few

T

er individuals have a shorter praemolar-molar row than Avar horses. This phenomenon deserves particular attention because the size of the teeth is decisively determined by hereditary factors, the environment having little effect on it. The studies on the size and enamel structure of the teeth can therefore be a good starting point to genetical conclusions. Already the absolute value of the praemolar-molar length itself shows that the Izsák-Balázspuszta horse could not belong to the individuals of long praemolar-molar row. The praemolar-molar length (P

1 —M

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) of 160.4 mm lags far below the 166.5 mm average molar length of early Hungarian horses. Nevertheless, it belongs to the group of horses of medium connection between the praemolar-molai length and the length of the molar row.

14 In Avar horses of averTable 2. Measurements of the , mandible (in mm) absolute value in percentage of basilar legnth 385.0 100,0 405.4 105.2 274.0 71.1 jronoidcus (Pj—cr) 298.0 77.4 78.8 20.4 167.0 43.3 90.2 23.4 83.6 21.7 218.0 56.5 248.5 64.5 57.3 14.8 74.9 19.4 60.0 15.5 43.0 11.1 76.0 19.7 aidei 178.3 46.3 14 MATOLCSI J. : 1973, Balaton környéki avar lovak (Avar horses of the Balaton region), 95. — The meagre possibility of the comparisons is the result of the fact that the ratio of the praemolar and molar lengthes of early Hungarian horses were not studied before. praemolar-molar length through its 55.5 exponential index, although it has the lowest value in the group, just as in the case of frontal breadth. Thus, individually it has to be considered a horse of short praemolar-molar row. In an earlier study we discovered an interesting 194