Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Andrzej Rozwadowski: Varázslyukak: Átjárók a szellemek világába a szibériai sámánizmusban

Sacred holes: Portals to the world of spirits in Siberian shamanism

of spirits. One of the most widely mentioned was Yuttig-tas (leaky stone'), a black coloured rock, the most widely mentioned and respected geological feature found in the Khakas landscape. Significantly, the hole in this rock was supposed to lead to the realm of the dead. In addition, the term yuttig-tas also was used to denote small pierced stones that are worn as pendants and believed to possess magical healing properties (Burnakov 2013,268). According to some stories, the original Yuttig-tas stone was located in the upper basin of the Abakan river. Shamans referred to the rock as the 'stone with a hole for the passage of the shamans' (Burnakov 2011, 240). A rock of considerable size is indeed known to have been identified as regarded being the genuine Yuttig-tas. It was reported to possess an opening which a horse rider could pass easily through; however, it was disgracefully blown up on order of the local authorities, sometime around the later part of 1953 or early 1954, in the name of the communist atheistic struggle against shamanism (Burnakov 2011).

Similar beliefs one can find among

Fig.9 and 10. Khakas shamanic drums with painted horizontal bands of triangles symbolizing mountains. Collection of the N. M. Martyanov Minusinsk Regional Museum. Photo A. Rozwadowski.

9. és 10 kép. Hakasz sámán dob, amelyen a festett vízszintes sávon álló háromszögek a hegyeket szimbolizálják. N. M. Martyanov Minusinsk Regionális Múzeum gyűjteménye.

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