Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Andrzej Rozwadowski: Varázslyukak: Átjárók a szellemek világába a szibériai sámánizmusban

Sacred holes: Portals to the world of spirits in Siberian shamanism

Fig.11. Many shamanic drums have marked central circle or cross („the navel of the world") which symbolize the portal through which the shaman travelled to the other world (diameter of ca. 50 cm). This photo shows Altaic drum. Collection of the A. V. Anokhin National Museum in Gorno-Altaisk. Photo A. Rozwadowski.

11 kép. Sok sámándobon jeleztek egy központi kört vagy keresztet („a világ köldökét'), amely szimbolizálja azt az átjárót, amelyen keresztül a sámán utazott a másik világba (átmérője kb. 50 cm). Ez a fénykép altáji dobot mutat.

other southern Siberian peoples, like the Altaians. One of the earlytwentieth-century stories describes a journey of the Altaic shaman, who managed to get to the underworld through the crack/opening in the ground, where he continued his journey by flying through the kingdom of Eriik (god of death) and eventually reached the realm of the ancestors. For this purpose, the shaman had to pass through the narrow stone hole once again (Karunovskaya 1935, 176-7; Sagalaev 1992, 56). Other Altai Turkic tales of shamanic travels tell us how certain shamans, having negotiated the sea and steppe, in the last phase of their flight made their way to the 'Iron Mountain', on the top of which there was a 'rock maw' - the gateway into the kingdom of Eriik (Potanin 1883, 64-5). Notably, the 'Jaws of the Earth' as the entrance to the underworld also appears in myths of other Siberian peoples, like Tuvans (Tsydenova 2012, 286).

Each mountain had its own spirit-master and the interactions

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