Krónika, 1957 (14. évfolyam, 1-10. szám)

1957-09-15 / 9. szám

1957 szeptember.

“KRÓNIKA'

3

A beszerzett bizonyítékokból is teljes biztonsággal kitűnik, hogy magyar honpolgárokat, közöttük asszonyokat is, Oroszországba deportáltak és sokat közülük azután sem bocsátottak szabadon. E deportálások célja a forradalom meg bontása volt. A magyar nép spontán felkelésével elérte azt, hogy pár nap tartamára felszabadította az országot a rendőrségi terrorrendszer alól. Ezt a nép egyesülése által elért hőstettet támadta meg azután az "ellenforradalom” és ezzel tiporta el a felkelést. Az "ellenforradalom” abból állott, hogy az orosz csapatok Kádárt és társait emelték hatalomra és helyezték annak a kormánynak a helyére, amely a magyar nép hatalmas többségének a pártfogását - élvezte.

XII. — A november 4-iki második szovjet beavatkozás után semmi bizonyíték nincs arról, hogy Kádár kormányát a nép pártfogolta volna. Kádár ismételten kitért a forradalmi programm pontjainak betartása elől, amelyet pedig kezdetben még megígért a magyar népnek. Az alapvető kérdést illetően, amely a szovjet csapatok visszavonását követelte, eleinte úgy tett, mintha a nemzet e kívánságát teljesen magáévá tenné, majd megtagadta, hogy a jelen körülmények között erről a kérdésről vitázzon. Pontról-pontra mindent megtett, hogy a munkások és munkástanácsok hatalmát lerombolja. A halálbüntetés alkalmazható mindazokra, akik sztrájk-mozgalmakban vesznek részt. Az igazságszolgáltatást érvénytelenné tette a speciális rendőrség, a különleges törvényszékek felállításával

és a vádlottak jogainak teljes semmibevevésével. A szociáldemokrata pártot újra erőszakkal feloszlatták. Az általános választásokat két évre elhalasztották. írókat és értelmiségieket megtorló eljárásoknak vetettek alá. A magyar munkásság semmi jelét nem adta annak, hogy pártfogolná Kádár kormányát, vagy az állandó szovjet megszállás hive lenne. A 190.000, legnagyobb részt fiatal magyar közül, akik kiszöktek az országból, csak nagyon kevesen tettek eleget a visszatérésre való felhívásnak. A földműveseknek igazuk van, amiért hálát éreznek Nagy iránt, aki állást foglalt a mezőgazdaság kollektívvá tétele és a mezőgazdasági termékek köteles beszolgáltatása ellen.

AZ E. N. BEAVATKOZHATÓ

XII. — A nagymértékű idegen

beavatkozás a magyar ügybe igazolja az E. N. vizsgálatát az eseményekkel kapcsolatban, ettől eltekintve a törvényes magyar kormány ezt kérte is. Az emberi jogok kérdésében Magyarország vállalta a békeszerződésben foglalt nemzetközi kötelezettségeket. Tekintettel erre, ebben az esetben a bizottság érvénytelennek tartja az E. N. levelének 7-ik fejezete második bekezdésén alapuló ellenvetéseket. A tömeges fegyveres beavatkozás, amelyet egyik hatalom követ el egy másik ellen, azzal a bevallott céllal, hogy belügyeibe

avatkozzék, még pedig ebben az esetben a szovjet részéről világosan bebizonyosodott ellenséges szándékkal, alkalmas arra, hogy felidézze az egész világ aggodalmát”.

SUMMARY

ORGANIZATION, AIM AND MEMORANDA OF THE AMERICAN HUNGARIAN COMMITTEE FOR THE DEFENSE OF HUNGARY (AHGDH)

On June 20, 1957, for the first time since the Second World War, we, the fourteen major American-Hungaxian associations, organized on a nationwide basis.and representing over one million American of Hungarian descent, have united, irrespective of political, religious and other affiliations. We have jointly established the American Hungarian Committe for the Defense of Hungary (AHCDH). We have rallied at the service of a single ideal: to bring effective aid to the Hungarian people in their fight for freedom against Soviet aggression. Similar organizations shall now, be established all over the Free World in every country; where Hungarians live in sizeable numbers, and then joined together in theWorld Federation for the Defense of Hungary (WFDH).

As the first step, we have addressed to the Free World the attached Appeal and Memorandum (A) which was submitted to the Hon. Alvin M. Bentley, Congressman of Michigan, to the Unied States Congress on July 2, 1957 and published in the Congressional Record of that day.

I. APPEAL

It states a) that since October 25, 1956, there did and does exist a state of war between the Soviet Union and the Hungarian nation brought about by hostile acts and the breach of the peace by the Soviet Union, and b) that the signatories of the Appeal accept to carry out all the duties and to claim all the rights deriving from the present state of war in order to assist the subjugated Hungarian peoples’ continued fight for freedom until peace and security are restored.

To this Appeal we have attached under the dateline of June 20, 1957.

II. MEMORANDUM (A)

on the existence of a state of war between the Soviet and Hungary,

which also was published in the July 2, 1957 Congressional Record.

It tells that:

1. ) A Report of the United States Government, submitted on May 2, 1957, to the Secretary General of the United Nations, declared that the Soviet intervention in Hungary must be qualified as "an outright military attack opposed by the Hungarian people.” (Point 5). The Report also stated that "the present regime (in Hungary) was installed by and continues to exist and to function solely because of the continued presence of Soviet armed forces." (Point 9).

2. ) The Warsaw Pact of May 14, 1955, did not authorize the Soviet military intervention in Hungary, and the Soviets cannot be exonerated for their hostile acts by that Pact.

3. ) Since October 25, 1956, a state of war exists therefore, between the USSR and Hungary, since on that day the legally established Government of Imre Nagy has expressly; asked for the withdraval of Soviet troops from Hungary. A paper on "Hungary and the Soviet Definition of Aggression”, published by the International Commission of Jurists, on November 16, 1956, states (point 3f) that “the Soviet government committed and continues to commit clear acts of aggression against the Hungarian government according to its own

• definition of aggression.”

4. ) On November 1, and again on November 2nd, 1956, the

United Nations received communications from the Prime Minister of Hungary which left no doubt concerning the government's firm stand against the presence of the Red Army in Hungary,

5.) From November 4th, 1956, to January 10th, 1957, the United Nations has condemned in 11 resolutions the Soviet Union’s intervention in Hungary as a breach of the peace and an act of aggression.

It is incontrovertible that there exists a state of war between the Soviet Union and the Hungarian nation.

III. MEMORANDUM (B)

on the state of war existing between the Soviet Union and Hungary.

Dated on July 4th, 1957, wfe issued the attached second Memorandum (B) which took note of the fact that the Congressional Special Study Mission to Europe recommended on May 15th, 1957, that "consideration should be given to the question wjhether from a juridical standpoint a "de facto” state of war existed last fall between Hungary and the Soviet Uinon.” Our Memorandum (B) agrees with this statement adding, however, that the state of war continues to exist since a) Soviet aggression is being continued against Hugary and, b) no such declaration or act has been known by which the existing state of war would have been terminated. The Report of the United Nations’ Special Committee on Hungary furnishes ample evidence for this.

Our Memorandum (B) first refers to the standard work of . Charles Cheney Hyde on "International Law” which defines how . "a state of war may come into being.” Then, we proceed to analyse the state of war in Hungary on the- basis of the Report by the United Nations’ Special Commission which definitely concludes that there has been committed "a massive armed intervention by one power (the Soviets) on the territory of another (Hungary) with the avowed intention of interfering in the internal affairs of the country. The socalled “situation” in Hungary therefore qualifies in international law as “a state of war.”

The hostile Soviet acts against Hungary, as stated in the Report (UN) have been committed in three phases with the last phase still being continued:

a) from October 23, to October 28, when during "a hard fought five day battle” "Soviet tanks were in action against the Hungarians.” The Report also states that the fighting in Hungary has never assumed the form of a civil war.

b) The planned second phase of the Soviet armed attack started on November 4th, and was carried out by: overwhelmingly strong Soviet forces. It lasted until November 11th. After that day, for several weeks, guerilla w;arfare and a protracted general strike of the Hungarian workers have taken place. Meanwhile, the country was deprived of both its military and political leadership by the invading Soviet troops.

c) The third phase of the war lasting from November 11th to the present day, consists of the total subjection of the Hungarian nation by the Soviet troops of occupation to the Soviet administration. A wide-spread system of terrorism against the entire Hungarian people, with cruel repressive measures by the Soviet Army is being continued.

The United Nations report also describes how the Soviet Military Command, following the suppression of organized Hungarian resistance, took over control over the nerve centers of the country and over the Hungarian Security Forces (police). All these controls are being maintained unchanged.

Memorandum (B) finally outlines (Part III) some conclusions