Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2011 (10. évfolyam)

2011 / 1. szám - AZ UNIÓ ÉS AZ EURÓVÁLSÁG - Marján Attila: Krízis előtt - krízis után. Quo vadis, Európa?

Krízis előtt - krízis után. Quo vadis, Európa?

http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/15/us-ecb-trichet-spiegel-idUSTRE64E0RO20100515

, 2010. május 15.

3 OECD- és EU-forrásokból származó statisztikák.

4 A különböző gazdasági és társadalmi modellek osztályozásáról és leírásáról lásd André Sapir munkásságát.

5 Commission of the European Communities: „Green Paper: Confronting Demographic Change - A New Solidarity Between the Generations, COM (2005) 94".

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2005/com2005_0094en01.pdf

, 2005. március 16.

6 Uo.

7 Commission of the European Communities: „Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy, COM (2006), 105".

http://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com2006_105_en.pdf

, 2006. március 8.

8 Lásd: „Merkel Warns of Europe's Collapse. 'If Euro Fails, So Will the Idea of European Union'". Spiegel Online, http://www.spiegel.de/intemational/germany/0,1518,694696,00.html

, 2010. május 13.

9 Egy példa: Mario Monti: „Can You See the Absurdity of the Current System?" The European, http://www.theeuropean-magazine.com/170-monti-mario/171-the-future-of-the-euro-4

, 2011. január 17. Jóllehet, az integráció meghatározó politikusai még jobbára ellenzik ezt: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/ecb-eurozone-bonds.7ha/

.

Felhasznált irodalom

Marján Attila: Europe's Destiny - The Old Lady and the Bull. Baltimore-Washington D.C.: Johns Hopkins University Press - Wilson Center Press, 2010.

Marján Attila: The Middle of the Map - Geopolitics of Perceptions. London: John Harper Publishing, 2011.

Résumé

Before and after the crisis: Quo vadis, Europe?

Europe is trying to find its place in the rapidly changing global age, just like the United States and the new Asian powers are doing. The challenges that Europe is facing are like an onion with three separate but overlapping layers. The external layer of the European onion consists of global challenges. These include growing international competition, the emergence and improving performance of competitors, the shifting balance of power, and the danger of giving protectionist answers to globalization. The middle— pan-European—layer contains problems that affect all of Europe but are not linked to the EU's decision-making, regulatory, or institutional issues. These include the sustainability of the European model, poor competitiveness and productivity, the aging population, social tensions caused by immigration, and increased energy dependency. Finally, the inner layer is the EU layer itself—the challenges related to European integration and the European Union. Basically, these are problems linked to the EU's institutions, decision-making procedures, and lawmaking, and thus to the political uncertainties surrounding the future of the "European project."

2011. tavasz

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