Külügyi Szemle - A Teleki László Intézet Külpolitikai Tanulmányok Központja folyóirata - 2003 (2. évfolyam)
2003 / 2. szám - EURÓPA - Dér Aladár: Európai és nemzeti identitás
Résumé European and National Identity The essay provides a comparative analysis of the two basic forms of identity, and it concentrates on three questions: 1) The dilemma of homogeneity (European identity = "Euronationalism") and heterogeneity (European identity = "sui generis" formation can be singled out conceptually. Based on the lack of the basic conditions of „Euronationalism" and its political irrationality, most of the experts accept the latter paradigm by relying on pronounced political and nation theory argument which, in turn, is based on "ethnogenesis." 2) With regard to the relations between the two forms of identity, Max Haller's triple classification - incorporating conflict, neutral and complementary relations - is applied. According to the conflict thesis, European identity is emerging at the expense of national identity and is replacing it historically. However, the survival of the function of the nation, which can be anticipated sociologically, psychologically, and politically as well, seems to contradict it. The neutrality thesis speaks of a passive-mechanical paralellism of the two different forms of identity (see the concept of "mosaic-Europe"), which is refuted by the "springboard" function of the national identity, as well as by the common role of the two different forms of identity in the realm of political ideologies and attitudes. Finally, the complementarity thesis suggests that the two different identities mutually reinforce and complement each other as a part of the multi- or poliidentity of the modern European man. It is also a vision of the future that may be prefereble to us. 3) The conditions and tendencies of the evolution of European identity affect both forms of identity. European identity should go beyond its current pragmatic-utilitarian nature, it should break with the cosmopolitan attitude and should focus on the recognition of the "national." It is also necessary to "redefine" national identity, insofar as it receives a European dimension and sheds its traditional exclusive character (see the "neo- national" paradigm). The creation and the improvement of a "multilevel" European political structure is also vital. It suits multiidentity the best and it can help European public opinion get rid of the necessity to choose between the two. Europäische und nationale Identität Die Studie befasst sich mit der komparativen Analyse der beiden grundlegenden Identitätsformen, wobei drei Fragenkreise hervorgehoben werden: 1. Begrifflich kann das Dilemma der Homogenität (europäische Identität = „Euronationalismus") bzw. der Heterogenität (europäische Identität = „sui generis"- Formation) hervorgehoben werden. Von der mehrheitlichen Meinung der Fachliteratur wird der Mangel an den Rahmenbedingungen des „Euronationalismus" 2003. nyár 53
