Külügyi Szemle - A Teleki László Intézet Külpolitikai Tanulmányok Központja folyóirata - 2002 (1. évfolyam)
2002 / 3. szám - RÉSUMÉ - Molnár Anna: Altiero Spinelli and European federalism - Miszlai Sándor: The Russian diplomacy and the Yugoslav crisis
Résumé in December 2000 accepted the European Charter of Fundamental Rights only as a non-binding document, this may pose serious questions about the twinning of profiles, already discussed by the so-called Committee of Wise Persons of the Council of Europe. Anna Molnár: Altiero Spinelli and European federalism Altiero Spinelli (1907-1986) was one of the most important Italian thinkers of the federalist idea. He represented the institutionalist school of federalism, thus he emphasized the importance of establishing a federal set of institutions on a European level and an efficient central government. Altiero Spinelli drafted the most important document of European federalism, the Manifesto of Ventotene with Ernesto Rossi in 1942 under the title of "A Manifesto for a Free and United Europe". He believed that after the war it was only federal institutions that would be able to provide a new and efficient framework for Europe. Though he did not have a direct influence on the development of federalism, his radical initiatives contributed to the expansion of integration several times. He urged the creation of a constitutional contract based on federal principles. He thought that a constitution providing for the federation of the European states was vital for maintaining integration. He always criticized the functionalist and neofunctionalist ideas; he missed the democratic social control in the first place. In the 1970s and 1980s when the economic cooperation among the member states became so strong that there was no danger of arresting the process of integration, Spinelli reasoned that a federation would be vital for handling problems which cannot be dealt with on a national level. Sándor Miszlai: The Russian diplomacy and the Yugoslav crisis The Yugoslav crisis in the 1990s was one of the most important events in modern history, and it was perhaps the most significant one from the point of view of international security. The essay describes that Russia clearly failed on the level of executive power in the course of the Russian attempts to settle the issue. It also discusses what attempts were made to replace the policy worked out by the Foreign Ministry in Russia's Balkan-policies. Two important events in the first half of 1994 contributed to the increase of the diplomatic activity of Russia to a large extent. On one hand, the Bosnian-Croat Confederation was formed with the direct participation 2002. ősz 225
