Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1974 (1. évfolyam)
1974 / 1. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
that changes in this policy have quite regularly followed shifts in the international political objectives and efforts of the Chinese leadership. In fact, changes in the direction, methods and intensity of economic aid policy have in some cases preceded avowed shifts in the line of Chinese foreign policy. During the first decade of the existence of the People’s Republic of China, when the Chinese leadership was following a policy of cooperation with the USSR and the other socialist countries, China’s economic aid policy was basically aimed at increasing the strength, prestige and influence of the socialist camp. During this period, substantial Chinese economic aid with no obligation of repayment was given primarily to the Asian socialist countries bordering on China, i. e. to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which suffered most from imperialist aggression. Towards the end of this period, however, from 1956 till 1959, great power ambitions and hegemonistic tendencies made their first appearance in the orientation and the methods of Chinese economic aid policy. They resulted in the Chinese leadership increasingly turning against the countries of the socialist camp and the overwhelming majority of the parties of the international communist movement in the course of the 60’s. At the beginning of the 60’s, the focus of Chinese economic aid policy graduall}’’ shifted to the developing countries of Asia and Africa. As the Chinese leaders could not muster much support within the socialist camp and the international communist movement for their hegemonistic efforts, they tried to make use of their aid policy to establish a leading role among the former colonial and semi-colonial countries and the national liberation movements. Within a short time, however, they managed to isolate themselves even from these countries and movements by their adventurist actions. During the so called „cultural revolution” the range and vitality of Chinese economic aid policy dwindled considerably, in keeping with China’s political and diplomatic isolation. Since the beginning of the 1970’s, China’s economic aid policy has been revitalised. In 1970, the total amount of economic aid and credits offered by the People’s Republic of China exceeded 1,000 million. This generous aid policy has backed up the diplomatic efforts aimed at breaking China’s international isolation. Elements of a genuinely internationalist aid policy can be found only in the help China has rendered to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In every other respect Chinese economic aid policy has been dominated by the specific international political ambitions of the Maoist leadership, above all by their intentions and efforts to diminsh or to offset the influence of the Soviet Union and the other countries of the socialist community. Barna Tálas: On the Research Plans and International Relations of the Hungarian Institute for Foreign Affairs The establishment and operation of the Hungarian Institute for Foreign Affairs has enriched the spehere of national research in the field of the social sciences and is opening up new possibilities for broadening international scientific contacts and cooperation. Today’s intricate and continually shifting system of international relations makes it more urgent than ever before —from both the theoretical and the practical point of view—to apply scientific methods to the examination of the different Eactors and interrelationships which, in the final analysis, determine how the general trends in the international situation take shape and, within this framework, how the concrete situations in the various regions and territories evolve. The nature of the long-term research work to be conducted by the Institute is defined in the founding resolution of the Council of Ministers and in the directives based on this resolution issued by the Foreign Ministry. According to these documents, the basic task of the Institute is to carry out research on general questions of international relations as well as on the political, economic and social situation of countries that are important from the viewpoint of the policies of the Hungarian People’s Republic, and to facilitate and put on a scientific basis VIII
