Hidrológiai Közlöny 1978 (58. évfolyam)

1. szám - Halász Péter: Dombidéki területek rendszerszabályozásának lehetőségei

36 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1978. 1. sz. Halász P.: Dombvidéki területek [6] Láng Sándor: Az éghajlat és egyes földrajzi kapcsolatai. Válogatott fejezetek az általános természeti földrajzból. Tankönyvkiadó. Budapest, 1968. [7] Oláh Lajos: A talajvédelem hatása a lefolyásra és az elsodrásra. Témabeszámoló és összefoglaló jelentós. Kézirat. VITUK1 (Tsz.: II. 1.2.1/0.) Budapest, 1969. [8] Oláh Lajos: A felszíni vizek okozta erózióra vonatkozó vizsgálatok. Témabeszámoló és összefoglaló jelentés. I. rész Kézirat VITUKI (Tsz.: 1.3.10.) Budapest, 1970. [9] F. A. Branson and J. B. Owen: Plant Cover, Runoff, and Sediment Yield Relationships of Mancos Shale in Western Colorado. (A növénytakaró a lefolyás és a hordalékhozam kapcsolatai az NY. Colorado állambeli Mancos Shale-n). Water Resources Research. USA, 1970. [10] Bogárdi János: Vízfolyások hordalékszállítása. — Akadémiai Kiadó. Budapest, 1971. [11] Halász Péter: A felszíni vizek okozta erózióra vonatkozó vizsgálatok. II. rósz. Az időjárás és a térszíni adottságok hatása a vízgyűjtő területekről távozó hordalékra. Tómabeszámoló és összefoglaló jelentés. Kézirat. VITUKI (Tsz.: I. 3.6.) Budapest, 1971. [12] V.N. Szadovszkij: Az általános rendszerelmélet alapjai— Statisztikai Kiadó Vállalat, Budapest, 1976. Possibilities of systems control in contoured areas by Halász, P. The fundamental function of water resources management is to control the water budget, viz. to ensure the proper water budget in the catchments. Conclusions concerning the state of the water budget máy be arrived at from the effects thereof. Where the effects of water management are satisfactory, the water budget may also be regarded as such. Unsatisfactory water budgets must be modified. Before any such interference can be made, information must be available on the particular natural conditions affecting it, further on the ways and extent in which these factors act. This recognition prompted an examination into the relationship between the natural conditions and the water budget in catchments. The hydrologic data collected in the representative catchments identified by the Research Center for Water Research Center for Water Resources have been used for this examination. The studies have revealed the relationship between weather conditions and the water budget to be fundamentally affected by land uses. Since the water budget proved to be a consequence of land use, it was found desirable to determine — from among the potential values of land use — the one resulting in a satisfactory water budget. The concept of satisfactory water budget had to be defined first. For this purpose the weather conditions, flow regimes and sediment transport in the catchments tributary to the streams were examined. Having explored the erosion process, a relationship has been established between the state of the water budget and the condition of the topsoil. The topsoil being a particular characteristic of the terrain, affected also by the other terrain features and the weather conditions, in the general formulation of the system it was concluded that the topsoil, and in turn, the water budget in a catchment are satisfactory if the system of natural conditions in the area (the area itself) is in a satisfactory condition. Differences have been observed in the soil erosion processes in the individual catchment areas. Since earlier investigations have shown the relationship between the weather and the water budget to be controlled by land use, further since runoff was found responsible for erosion, in order to explore the causes of the aforementioned differences it seemed logical to study the process of erosion in terms of land use. From the conclusions arrived at in this study it could be established that the differences between soil erosion processes, i. e., the condition of the topsoil, or of the water budget is satisfactory under a land use pattern at, or as a consequence of which the state of the system of natural conditions is a satisfactory one. These studies have thus shown that the satisfactory state of the system of natural conditions can indeed be ensured by making proper use of this system. Having completed these investigations, the potential consequences of systems control in the catchments are considered from the viewpoint of stream regulation'. In catchments with a proper land use pattern the sediment transported in the stream channels may safely be assumed to cause no silting and thus no extended flooding, or water-logging in the valley bottom parts of the catchment. Where a flood control system exists, the load on the levees is smaller, while in uncontrolled areas the introduction of flood control requires smaller control structures and thus lower costs, flood control can be offered with less effort and at lower cost. There exists a causal relationship between the conditions the valley-side and valley bottom parts of a catchment. For this reason the conditions, or land use in the valley side part is of fundamental importance in estimating the usable part of the water volume transported in the valley bottom.