Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés

Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 143 tion of the pollution load by treatment is in general always cheaper and for limiting the effects of special pollutants the provision of diluting water is not a satisfactory solution. The data and information available are still inadequate for predicting water quality with the desirable accuracy, or for deliberate quality management. The conditions and methods are outlined, by which such estimations and quality management will become possible. — A method is recommended for controlling the quality of available supplies by Dr. S. Karácsonyi and Dr. Cy. Scheuer (I/A

—17), quoting the example of the Town of Eger. — The problem of storage is mentioned by Mrs. Dr. J. Szász (I/A

—8) in estimating the storage space requirement of irrigation with the objective of finding the optimum size. — In connection with the observation network on artesian waters the possibility of aquifer storage is raised by* L. Tirvol (I'A

—4). These measures are based on recharging the artesian waters. — Efforts at optimization have also been introduced as methods of perspective planning in water management. This subject is given detailed consideration in six of the papers. — J. P. Popchev and J. V. Gousevsky (Bulgaria) introduce their paper „Criteria and mathematical model of water resources management planning" (I'A

—1) with general considerations on systems theory. The control criteria are defined as the relation between the supplies in the region considered and the sectors of the national economy. — the interests of the state receive priority over those of water users, — the constant magnitude of the individual producing sectors must be ensured. The latter condition is in general not satisfied, which is one of the drawbacks of the model suggested. In the case of limited supplies the overall minimum of the losses suffered by various users defines the target function. Methods are hereafter presented for compensating the Droduction losses of the individual users and complete thus the model. — Mrs. Dr. J. Szász in the paper ..The use of benefit* and cost functions for evaluating development alternatives" (I'A

—8) deals with important optimization problems encountered in diverse fields of water management. The use of the cost- and benefit functions is illustrated by optimum stage control in Lake Balaton, where noteworthy results have been achieved. Owing to the comolexitv of the problem the further refinement a^d study of the method would be indicated. The conventional economic analyses have proceeded at most uo to the determination of the net profit, they have neglected the time factor, with the ensuing benefits a"d losses, or with the importance of the diverse factors, etc. A method of technico-economic optimization is described by Miss M. Csipes and L. Némethy (I/A

—11) for the dimensioning of flood control reservoirs in the plains. — Dr. I. Bogárdi and A. Horkai (I/A

—12) have introduced a factor of safety for determining the degree of protection offered by flood levees. By indicating the weakest point in the levee system this makes possible optimum measures for strengthening the levees and for organizing flood fighting work. — The priority classification of water resources, as suggested by Dr. I. Oroszlány (I'A

—14) offers essentially a tool for optimizing the measures in irrigation water supply and partly in drainage work. — The regional pollution control plans described by I. Megyesi (I/A

—18) are aimed essentially at the development of an optimal action program in the catchment affected. The papers reviewed thus far were mainly concerned with the water uses-aspects of perspective planning. The circumstance, that in Hungary problems exist also in the aversion of water damages, is reflected by the fact that papers have been received on this subject as well. — In the paper by Miss M. Csipes and L. Némethy „The dimensioning and operation of plain-land flood control reservoirs" (I A

—11), the problem of flood control by storage is analysed for the first time numerically in the complex process of flood control development. A method is suggested for evaluating numerically the peak reduction effect of the reservoirs. The authors have considered plain-land reservoirs used regularly for flood peak reduction, but the method seems equally applicable to emergency reservoirs, although some extension is likely to be needed. As a practical application the Valley of the Körös Rivers is considered. Of interest is the statement that within a particular flood wawe the expected duration of diverse stages depends exclusively on the stage difference below the peak. — „The safety factor in flood levees" by Dr. I. Bogárdi and A. Horkai (I/A

—12) is of great interest. In the study the most sophisticated methods of probability theory are applied. The conclusion of greatest interest is that safety must be improved by applying advanced construction methods, i.e., by minimizing the scatter in the degree of protection, rather than by raising the levee. Advanced flood fighting work at highwater adds considerably to the margin of safety. In a particular case the probability of failure was reduced by flood fighting measures from 19 to 5°/

0. — The regional pollution control plans mentioned by I. Megyesi (I/A

—15) are also aimed at the aversion of damages due to water, especially to polluted water. — Dr. I. Oroszlány (I/A

—14) in his paper referred to, repeatedly advocated the rapid drainage of runoff from April rains, in order to reduce crop losses. Pollution control has been mentioned repeatedly in the present general report. The ultimate goal of this activity is related to the protection of the environment, which has entered into the focal point of current public interest. In this context reference is made to the following papers: — I. Fazekas (I/a

—5) suggested a computation method, which, provided that the necessary observation data are available and other conditions are satisfied, seems suited to attain pollution control ensuring the desired degree of environment protection. — I. Árkai (I/A

—10) projects in his paper the problems potentially arising from the industrialization of agriculture now and in the future. The most serious difficulties are related to the growing number of large, centralized animal breeding farms which would pollute the environment especially in the Great Hungarian Plains without adequate drainage to recipients, if no measures were taken for the treatment and disposal of the resulting highly concentrated wastewaters and liquid manure. — M. Rácz (I/A

—13) has submitted a working proposal in connection with the development of public utilities in Budapest and the ring of settlements around it, for relieving the Danube and the small watercourses tributary to the Danube of the present and increasing pollution load. The measures include the construction of the North-Pest wastewater treatment plant and solving the problem of sewage disposal in the ring of settlements around the capital. — I. Megyesi (I/A

—15) has dealt with regional pollution control plans, which aim at the definite and organized observation of environmental aspects in the catchments affected. Both environmental problems and those of perspective planning related to basins shared by several countries have assumed international character. Reference to this aspect is made in the papers by — Dr. G. Hankó (I/A

—7) in dealing the perspective water management master plan involving the cooperation of five countries in the Tisza River Valley, — I. Ballá (I/A

—9), who considered the changes due to human activities in catchments affecting several countries, — I. Megyesi (I/A

—18), who described regional pollution control plans under way in the Sajó- and Upper Danube Regions, which are not only of mutual interest