Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés

Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 142 water management, as well as of the 15-year plan of water management. Under the cooperation of the five countries sharing the Tisza River Basin within the COMECON organization, work has been started on the water management master plan for the Tisza River Basin. Preparations are under way also for the eventual elaboration of a similar water management development program for the Danube Valley. These efforts, however, have not reached the stage to be reviewed in a paper. Within the general objectives outlined in the master plans several long- and medium range plans are being prepared. — It is pointed out by Dr. Jura j Michal (I/A

—2) that the new system of control and organization in the national economy of Czechoslovakia has affected the individual sectors of economy and thus the activities and planning in water management as well. — A 15 year program has been developed also for realizing the national artesian-water observation network mentioned in the paper of L. Tirvol (I/A

—4). — The problems of the representative critical period has been discussed by Dr. G. Hankó (I/A

—7) essentially in connection with the Hungarian and international long-range water management plans for the Tisza River Valley. — I. Medgyesi in his paper ..Regional pollution control planning in Hungary" (I/A

—15), presented a historical review on this important form of planning from 1965. The regional pollution control plans have the purpose of defining objectives supported by technico-economic analyses, which in agreement with various interests a) define the pollution control tasks for the sucessive plan periods. b) define the engineering measures required for effective control, establish priorities and outline the financial aspects, c) indicate the results expected. In the regional pollution control plans the necessary measures are considered on the level of national economy and create the foundations for elaborating the action programs for each sector of the national economy (water management and the sectors affected). The regional pollution control plans for the Sajó River region (4700 sq.km. VIKÖZ) and for the Upper Danube area (14155 sq.km, VIKÖZ) have been prepared under an UNDP/WHO pollution control project so that the activity in regional planning has reached international level. A comparison of the regional pollution control plans will reveal that in each case different specific objective's and particular conditions had to be adopted as starting bases, so that no two such plans are identical. — M. Bosznay (I/A

—16) describes the water management plan for the Fertő Region, involving 10 villages around the lake, reviewing the actual state and future of water management activites for the nearer period up to 1985 and for the more distant perspectives. The two main objectives include — the maintenance of the lake, with the necessary measures to be taken jointly with the Federal Republic of Austria, — the performance of water management functions for improving recreation facilities around the lake. — M. Rácz in his paper „The housing programme and its impact on perspective public works development in the capital, with special regard to pollution control in the Danube" (I/A

—13) has adopted the general town- and area development plan of the capital and its environment as the starting basis, demonstrating its influence on the population and the anticipated housing demand. The trends of urban development and the significance of town reconstruction further of the principal North-South expansion are pointed out. The water supply problem in the capital is related correctly to the water supply, sewerage, sewage treatment and pollution control problems of the environment. Estimating the demands by the year 2000 a solution is recommended for improving the supply capacity and treatment facilities alike. — Dr. S. Karácsony and Dr. Gy. Scheuer in their paper „The problems of water quality management" (I A

—17) presented a brief review on the supply sources in Hungary and the changes therein, conditions of sources within an outside the town limits. The importance of correctly exploiting the springs feeding the municipal bath is emphasized. This would increase the yield of springs in the immediate vicinity of the water works. It is noted that mixing the waters from different sources and of different qualities in the distribution network may have unpredictable consequences. Quality management is desirable for realizing comprehensive water management. Some papers are devoted to the determination of components and elements needed for compiling longrange plans. — The determination of supplies is hardly considered by L. Tirvol (I/A

—4), which is under development appear promising in estimating periodic changes in aquifers recharged from precipitation and low-flow periods (sequences of years) in streams. — The artesian water observation network described by L. Tirvol (I/A

—4), which under development will be suited for determining the artesian water resources in Hungary and the changes therein. — Dr. G. Hankó (I'A

—7) included the effect of water uses outside the country in determining the supplies. available in the Tisza Valley, in an effort to estimate more precisely the supplies which can be relied upon in the future. The paper by Dr. I. Oroszlány „Weighting water supplies in agriculture" (I A

—14) presents a report on studies which have been conducted for several years at the Chair for Surveying and Cultivation Techniques, University of Agriculture under the guidance of the author, concerning the evaluation of water utilized in agriculture. The utilization factor introduced by the author into Hungarian practice has doubled during the past 80 years. This clearly reflects the transformation of water from a natural asset to a use value. Further investigations have demonstrated the dependence of the utilization factor on land use and standard of production. A recent result of great interest is the study of the utilization factor according to months. Maxima occur in July, while negative minima in April. The July maxima imply the need for revising the common practice of using the August water balance in Hungary, whereas the April minima indicate the importance of drainage in this period. The simultaneous consideration of natural precipitation and irrigation has shown irrigation rates beyond a certain limit to entail lower utilization factors, which must be remembered in determining the economical application rates of irrigation water. — The estimation of water demands proper is mentioned in several papers, such as that by Dr. G. Hankó (I A

—7), in compiling perspective water balances for the Tisza Valley, that by I. Ballá who used the saturation limit and the logistic function in predicting perspective water demands (I/A

—9), whereas the evolution of water demands in farming operations and large animal farms is considered by I. Arkay (I/A

—10). — Pollution control is the main subject of the paper „The effect of streamflow and pollution load on changes in water quality" by I. Fazekas (I/A

—5). The effect of hydrological, hydrometeorological and other factors on water quality is considered first. In discussing the streamflow needed for maintaining the desired water quality it is concluded that the future pollution loads on the Danube and the Tisza Rivers are of the same order of magnitude, nevertheless, owing to the smaller discharge in the latter the danger of pollution is much more severe there. In estimating the streamflow required for absorbing a given pollution load the material balance is introduced. Of the potential methods of pollution control, dilution is considered feasible on minor streams and periodically only, owing to the practical difficulties enumerated in detail. The reduc-