Hidrológiai Közlöny 1972 (52. évfolyam)
6. szám - Dr. Gulyás Pál: A víztoxikológia fejlődése és jelenlegi helyzete a Szovjetunióban
Dr. Gulyás P.: A víztoxikológia fejlődése a Szovjetunióban Hidrológiai Közlöny 1972. 6. sz. 255 Szimpózium po voproszam vodnoj tokszikologii. (Víztoxikológiai szimpózium.) — Moszkva. I 39] Sztroganov, N. Sz. (1960): Szovremcnnüe problemi vodnoj tokszikologii. (A víztoxikológia korszerű kérdései.) — Vesztnik Moszkovszkogo Universziteta. No. 2. sztr. 1—17. [40] Sztroganov, N. Sz. (1940): Tokszikologija vodnüh zsivotnüh v szvjazi sz dejsztviem sztocsnüh prornüslennüh vod na vodnüe organizmü. (A vízi állatok toxikológiája, különös tekintettel az ipari szennyvizeknek a vízi szervezetekre gyakorolt hatására.) — Zoologicseszkij zsurnal. 29. 4. [41] Sztroganov, N. Sz. i A. T. Pozsükov (1941): Dejsztvie sztocsnüh promüslennüh vod na vodnüe organizmü. (Az ipari szennyvizek hatása a vízi élőlényekre.) — Izdanie MGU Moszkva. 1—88. [42] Tauszon, A. <). (1947): Jadovitoe dejsztvie otdelnüh komponentov sztocsnüh vod na riib i nekotorüh beszpozvonocsnüh. (A szennyvizek egyes anyagainak mérgező hatása a halakra ós néhány gerinctelen állatra.) — Ucs. zap. Permszkogo un-ta. 6. I. [43] Tauszon, O. A. (1951): Vlijanie promüslennüh sztocsnüh vod i leszoszplava na donnuja faunu rek (A szennyvizek és a faúsztatás hatása a folyók fenékfaunájára.) — Ucs. zap. Permszkogo un-ta. 6. 2. [44] Topacsevszkij, A. V., N. Sz. Sztroganov, V. G. Hobotev (1970): Voproszü vodnoj tokszikologii. (A víztoxikológia kérdései.) — Izd. Nauka. sztr. 1—223. [45] Veszelov, E. A. (1953): Opüt klasszifikacija promüslennüh sztocsnüh vod po ih dejsztviju na ihtiofaunu v szvjazi sz osznovnümi zadacsami rübohozjajsztvennoj tokszikologii. (Az ipari szennyvizeknek a halfaunára gyakorolt hatása alapján történő osztályozásának tapasztalatai, különös tekintettel a haltoxikológia alapvető feladataira.) — Ucs. zap. Karelo-Finszkogo un-ta. Biologija. 5. 3. The development and present state of water toxicology in the Soviet Union By dr. Gulyás, P. A brief review is presented of the development and present state of water toxicology in the Soviet Union. Development started at the middle of the last century, where the two main branches, namely the study of biological changes in streams and of the reaction of aquatic organisms to the toxic effect of various stubst.ances have already taken their origin. These studies arc apt to indicate the changes taking place in the biological processes of a stream, if toxic substances are discharged into it. The biocoenosys suffers changes, some species aquire improved circumstances and prolificate, whereas others diappear completely, or their numbers are greatly reduced. As a consequence of these transformations a new biological condition, differring drastically from the foregoing results in the stream. In the laboratory the mechanism of the toxic effect of the poison at the level of tho organism is explored, whereas studies in the streams yield information on interrelations between the fauna and the medium (environment), both on the present and successive generations. The development of water toxicology was especially pronounced under the Soviet regime and seven years ago it became an independent branch of science. Testing methods have been evolved and used partly for determining the permissible limit concentration values that are still considered tolerable, partly for solving problems of fundamental theoretical significance. These latter include the relation between the chemical structure of the substance and its toxic effect on living organisms, as well as the resistance and their adjustment to toxic substances on the metabolic level. An understanding of these processes is of interest not only to water toxicology but to general biology as well. The methodology has been revised, earlier methods have been critically considered and new ones have been introduced. Allowable limit concentrations have been determined by two methods, namely the express- and the extended method. With the express method, after a testing period of 24 of 48 hours the LC 5 0, or TL m values found are used to classify the substance or wastewater tested as highly toxic, or not. Starting therefrom the extended method is used for determining the allowable limit concentration. The development in the physiological trend is also a powerful one. The toxic effect of substances is determined here with the help of physiological methods. In recent years a number of institutions have been engaged in water toxicology studies. Research has been coordinated in the entire country, theoretical problems have been clearly defined, after the solution of which the toxicity of different substances, and their effect on the biological processes in streams and on the life of aquatic organisms will be readily determined.
