Hidrológiai Közlöny 1955 (35. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Sebestyén Olga: A magyar hidrobiológia útja

Sebestyén O.: A magyar hidrobiológia útja Hidrológiai Közlöny 35. évf. 1955. 11—12. sz. 391 2. Ha e/iHnyio >KH3iib CTOHMHX BOA, KaK rojiou.enon.aa, a T3K>Ke Ha KpyroBopoT HX MaTepnajioB yKaíbiBaeT ílnom nann (1875) h OTTÓ TepManH (1876) ; ycTaHOBHB' B3aHMo;ionojiHflioiu,ee AeüCTBue pa3JiHMHbix rpynn tj>ayHbi H (Juiopbi, H peryjinpyiomyio — orpannMHBaiomyio pojib JKHBOTHMX. 3TH on pe,nejieH H H 6bi .nn BbicKa3aiibi npH­Mepno 3a ^ecHTHJieTHe n.o aMepiiKaHCKoro uccjie^oBa­Tejia 3>op6eca, pa3BHBixiero Teopiiio MHKpoKocMoca, BW­pawaioiuero aBTapniiio BOAW. ycTaiioBjieHiie KpnoGnojiorHMecKHX, HeftcTOHHbix H IlpOMHX HBJieHHH, B03HHKaiOIUIlX BCJieflCTBIie MaCCOBOTO cyinecTBOBaiiH fl MiiKp00prann3M0B (Sphaerella nivalis Fodura aquatica, Euglcna sanguiena, Vorticellina) T3k>KC onpe^ejiMJiH nejiocoo6pa3iibie Hccjie^oBaiiHH xch3HH nifl­pocij)epbi. 3. CTapeftiime flaimbie no B0/i0p0CJieB0H cjwope öbi.iH coöpanbi XajKJiHHCKHM (1818—1896). K.JiaccHMecKHMH HCCJieAOBaTejIílMH MHKporHflpOpaCTHTe.TbHOCTH HB.THIOTCH NAHTO'ieK H HuiTBaiiíjjH. HMÜ ncc.nej0BaTe.n5i Bopöauia (1844—1905) CBH3ano c nccjie,aoBaHHíiMn öojiee BHCOKO­0PRAHH30BANHBIX rHapopacTeHHii. H3YMEHIIE NASMOBOH pacTHTejibnocTH BajiaTona, H3ÖpaB 3Ko.TonmecKoe Ha­npaBjieHiie, njio;iOTB0pH0 B03/ieiicTB0Baji0 na pa3BHTiie OTeieciBenHOii reorpacjniH pacTennií. PaöoTbi, nocBsmeHHbie ruapocfayHe, BCTpeMaioTCfl y>«e B- 50-bix rojiax nponijioro -CTOJieTHsi. B 60-bie ro/ibi npoimnaro CTOjieTHH H3flaioTCH Tpyabi TnBa;j.apa Mapro H re3bi 3im (cTapmero). PaőOTbi riocjieflnero B öojibiueö 11X lI3CTH nOCBHIneHbl OpraHH3MaM BHyTpeHHHX Boa (npeccubix H cojieHbix), a Tai?>Ke MOPCKHM oprann3MaM, B OCHOBHOM — npocTefluiHM. MHORNE CPE^H YMEHHKOB 3Hua 3aHHMajiiicb H3yMeiineM rn/ipoifayHbi (H. JXajiau, B. JXeiKC, T. 3HU. (MJiajramft), P. ÓPAHU, MapTOH([)H, TeMeuiBapH, ByMKHM), HeKOTopbie cpeflii HHX ABJIHIOTCSI y>«e nupoÖHOJioraMii. Paöoibi íleHe J\aj\au (1885—1920) npeflCTaBJiflioT coöoii oT^e.Tbuyro rjiaBy rHflpoönojiornH B Beurpun. B TeMemie ero copoKajieraefi paöoTbi OH n3yMaeT Becb Níaccefin KapnaT H H30 Bcex yro.iKOB Mupa OH no.nywaeT fljiH oöpaöoTKH cooTBeTCTByioinHii MaTepnaji. C BajKHefiuiiiMH rpynnaMH rHflpoMHKpo­<()ayHbi OH 3aiuiMajiC5i r.iy6ÖKO H C ero HMEHEM MOJKHO BCTPEIATBCJI B 3ARPAHHMH0H jiiiTepaType ,ia>Ke cero^HH. 4. BnepBbie npoHBjiHeTcsi C/IBH>KeHHe Mewjy tj)H3Ho.no­rHiecKoft n ÖHOJiorniecKoft ;iHnneii npit nccjie;ioBaHHHx BajiaroHa JIOUH ; BOSHHKaeT npejBecTniiK SKOJIOTH­MecKoro B3rjiH.ua. Monorpa(|)nH, nocBHineHnaa nojiy­MeHHblM npII HCCJieflOBaHIIHX AaHlIblM, B nO.THOM oöteMe AaeTCH na BeHrepcKOM n neMeiiKOM H3biKax h HBJIHCTCH rpy^OM xopoiuo 0praHH30BaiiH0r0 KOJI JICKTHBa ; Tpy/i Bbimeji noji na3BaHHeM „JlaHHbie nayMHoro H3yMeHHH BajiaTona", ripn STHX Hccjie,ioBaHHHX npoH3Bo,miJincb TaKJKe H (j)H3Horpa(l)HMecKHe, öoTaHHMecKHe ii ŐHOJIOTH­•lecuHe Hccjie^oBaHHH. B STOM Tpyae ynoMHHaeTcsi 06 accouHamiHx pacTeHiiii H >KHBOTHbix n B03H H KaeT nooöjieMa CBH3H Me>Kfly JKHBHM MiipoM h onpywaioineií cpe^oö (P. OpaHue, T. 3HU(mji.), J\. HujTBaH(t)n). B STO BpeMH (HMeHHO B paMKax HccjieüoBaHHH. BajiaTona) M05KH0 BnepBbie rOBOpHTb B yC.HOBHHX BeiirepCKOÜ AeficTBHTe^bHocTH o rn^po6nojiornn. Cpe^H paöoT no rHapoönojTorHH H B xp0H0Ji0rimecK0M nopa^ke MOJKHO nepBbiM TpyaoM CMHTaTb paöoTy P. OpaHce (1874—1943), onyöjiHKOBaHHyio Ha BeHrepcKOM H3biKe B 1893 roay (BecTiniK ecTecTB03naHHH), TaK H Ha HeMenKOM íi3biKe B 1894 ro^y (Biio.aoruMecKHft wypHaji, FeojiorHMecKHH öiojuieTeHb), B icoTopbix onyö^n­KOBaiibi ero Tpyabi. B CBH3h C HccjieaoBauHHMii coaep­WHMoro jKeJiy^Ka puö B 1893 ro^y OH numeT, MTO >KH3Hb 03ep BCé-T3KH 3aBHCHT OT OFLHOK^eTOMHblX Bojopoc^eH, K0T0pbie KOCBenHO npeflCTaBjiaioT coőoro nepBHMHoe nHTanne Bcex oöiiTaTe.ieft rH^pocc()epbi. JIOUH B KAQECTBE MJiena KOMHCCHH no H3y IIeHHIO Ba.na­TOHa, B 3a^aqy KOTopoii BXO^HT n3yieHne (jjayiibi npoc­TenujHx, OH HAXOFLHT TiinHHHbie 03epnbie, H aawe THnim­Hbie jjia BajiaTona HBACHHÍI. OH ne T0„ibK0 ^aeT HX onHcaHHe, no naxojiHT cymecTByioinHe CBH3H H npn­BOFLHT npoö^EMBI H AAET NCXOAHBIE TOMKH AJIH .ta.ibHefl­LHHX HCCJieAOBaHHH. 5. B nepBbie ABa AecnTHJieTHH naiuero CTOJICTHH BhixoíHT em,e OT^ejibubie Macin Monorpacjmn no Ba.iaTO­Hy. K 3T0My BpeMemi MOÍKHO OTHCCTH paGoibi ByT­niKHMa, ^ajiee paöoTbi f. Smia no pe'iiibiM paKaM n paa TPY^OB JXajiau. HMEETCA PNA paöOT no opHHTOJIOTHH pafiona 03. Ba.naTOH. BBI^aioiuHMHCH TPY^AMH JIBJIHWTCH TpyA, pacno3HaioinHH önojiorniecKoe B03íencTBHe BeTpa B paüone BajiaT.oHa (Maroin-FLIMU), T. 3nu.a (ma.) — H3YNEHHE njianKTona BA.TATOH'A H ŐHOMETPHIECKNE HCC.TEAOBAHHÍI Coratum hirundinella, ;iajiee TO onpe/ie­jieHne ApHflTa, MTO ryÖKa, HaiíAeHHafl Mapro B ÉOJIBUIHX Maccax B03Jie BajiaTon([)iopeiia, MOJKCT ÖBITB KJiaccn­(jjnunpoBaHa KAK NOFLBHA Spongilla Carteri. 6. ,H,Ba,nu.aTbie N TPN^UATBIE ro,na H TOAH riocjie 2-oii MlipOBOii BOHHbl OTHOCHTCS! K 3N0XE COBpeMeHHOÜ J1HMHO­jiornH. Mbi 3HaeM, MTO TAKOE — MOÍKHO CKA3ATB CK3MKO­oöpa3noe — pa3BHTiie MO>KHO ÓJiaroaapuTb paöoTaM TnHeMana N HayMaHa, B KOTOPUX OHH YCTAHOBHJIN, MTO xapaKTep 03epa H pe>KHM Kncjiopo^a, a c flpyroft CTO­ponbi, xapaKTep 03epa H (j)ayHa ;iHa IRAXOANTCH B TCCHOH 33BHCHMOCTH. KAK H B ,IPYTHX CTpaHaX, TAK H B H3Uieft CTpsHe B03pacTaeT 3aHHTepec0BaiiH0CTb jiHMHOJioni­MeCKHMH HCCJieAOBaHHHMH (Ba.iaTOH, OEPTÉ, 03ep0 BejieHue, 6OJIOT3, COJIONMAKH) ; na nepe^HIIN n.naH BbiCTynaeT SKO^ORNMECKHII B3TJIHA: OCHOBHOH npoöjie­MOH SÍBJIHETCH B3ANMOCBÍI3B MEJKAY OKPYJKAIOMEIÍ cpe­FLOII H >KHBbiM MHPOM, CTpyKTypa H pe>KHM accomiauHH. Peniaioniee 3HaMeHne HMeeT ncn0Jib30BaHne npn JIHMHO­jiornMecKHx HCCJieflOBannnx Mero^a onpeae^eHHH cojiep­waHiiíi Kiicnopoaa, pa3pa6oTaiiHoro BenrepcKiiM XHMH­KOM JL. BNHK.iepoM. 3TOT METOFL — HAPN^Y c ^PYRUMH MeTOflaMH onpeaejieHHH FLPYRNX sjieMeiiTOB, pa3paóo­TANHBIMH BuHKJiepoM — iicno.nb3yeTCH BO Bcem Miipe He TOJlbKO B TH/ipOŐHOJIOnlH, HO TaK/Ke B (J)H3H0J10rHH. ME>K;iyHapoaHoe JliiMHO-ioniMecKoe OömecTBO, opra­HH30BAHNOE B 1922 ro^y, HMEET 6 BeHrepcKHx MJienoB N na 2-M Konrpecce B HHCÖPYKKE BbiCTynaeT MeTbipe BeHrepcKiix UCCJIEAOBATEJIÍF c METBIPBMH FLOKJIA^AMN. (Unger : Preliminari report on the Inwestigations intő, the Production-tiological Problems of icake Velencze, Hungary ; Maucha : Ufon the Influcnco of Temjcrature and Intonsiti of Light on the photosynthetic PI-otluction of Nannoplankton N T. B 3TOT nepHoji OCYMECTBJIÍIETCÍI CTapoe noKejianne BeHrepcKHx aoo.noroB K uccjieaoBaTejieii Bajiarona — ,,Hpii03epna5i .TaöopaTopnn". noc.ne KpaTKOBpeMeHHOü paöoTbi CTaniiHH KO.njieKUHH >KHBOTHbix BeHrepcKoro Hannonajibnoro My3eH B PeBíjnojiene-CTanuníi nepexojiHT B BEKENNE BenrepcKoro ónojioriiMecKoro ncc .TEAOBATE .ib­CKOTO HHCTHTyTa, ojuiofl H3 ocHOBHbix 3a^aM KOToporo HBJiaeTCH H3yMenne őiiojioniMecKoro poKnwa BajiaTOHa. HCC.ne^oBaHHíiMH Ba.TaTona, NPONCXOAHUIHMN B HHCTH­TyTe B Tnxane, naMnnaa c 1929 no 1943 ro;i pyKOBOflmi T. 3HU (ma.), T. e. ;TO ero cMepni. B'Tnxane pHa OTe­MecTBennbix H nHOCTpannbix ucc.TeAOBaTejiefl CMOTJIH H3yMaTb ^eTajibHbie npoö.ieMbi i<a>Kaoií 'oTae^bHoií cneiiHajibHOCTH. T. 3NN COBMCCTHO c A. IJlep({)ejiOM oKa3ajiH noMoutb pn/iy nccjie.noBaTe.ieH ; 3Ty noMoinb MOWHO na3BaTb KAK óbi np0(J)eccH0HajibH0H noaroTOB­KOH-TAKHM 0Öpa30M, ii3 jeTa.neH, HO npn onpeaeJieHHoft njiaHOMepHOCTH, coönpaeTcsi SoraTbiii MaTepnaji no BajiaTony. no^xo^HT BpeMH, no3BOJiHiouiee npon3BecTii CHHTE3 (3HU—IileöeuiTben : >KH3HB BajiaTona 1940, 1942, 1946). NEPE^ 2-oii MnpoBoft BOHHOH H3AAETC5T y>Ke pa/I, TpyAOB OTOCHTejIbHO >KH3HH B rH/ipOCCj)epe. ÉojlbUJHH­CTBO STHX paőoT HOCHT onncaTejibHbiH xapaKTep, 3NAMHTEJIBHAN MACTB H3 HHX NMEET ÖOTAHUMECKHII HJIH 30ojioriiMecKHH xapaKTep. /Ipyrue «E paöoTbi yKa3bi­BAIOT na cymecTBywmyio CBH3B MEJK^Y oKpyjKaiomert CPE^OH H JKHBBIM MnpoM, na accomioHHbie CB33H, a no OT^ejIbllblM BO.iaM HMeeTCH JIHMHOJIOrHMeCKaH KapTima. Mayx OTKPBIBAET TeopeTHMecKoe H SKCNEPUMEHTAJIBNO onbiTHoe nanpaBjieHne. (O pe3y.ibTaTax no 3T0My NOBOAY .AAETCA oöoömaioiniiH oö3op B ^OKJIA^E Mayxa, npoMH­TAHHOM HA ceccnii AI<A^EMHH nayK BeiirpHH B 1955 roay.) Hccjie/iOBaniiH SIBJIHIOTCH MHororpaHHbiMH ne TOJIÖKO noTOMy, MTO y nac HMeioTca HCTOMHHKH, 60Ji0Ta, COJIOH­MAKH, TepMajibnbie BOJH, HO H riOTOMy, MTO YWE cyu;e­CTByeT jiHMnojionmecKiiii B3rjiflfl. IíaMiiHaeTCH rpaMOT­Hoe pa3BHTne öiiojiormi CTOMHUX N nnTbeBbix BOA. B Koime 3Toro nepiiOAa B03niiKaeT neoöxoflHMocTb C03AAHH5I onpeaejieHnoH opraHH30BaiinocTH B rocy­AapcTBennbix MaciuTaöax.

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