Hidrológiai Közlöny 1955 (35. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Sebestyén Olga: A magyar hidrobiológia útja

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J3,OMllHlipyiOT KOJIHMeCTBeHHbie HCC^eAOBaHHH H Hejlb3H H3Öe>KaTb BBeAeHHfl tj)H3HO^OrilMeCKOrO HanpaBjieHHH. flpii ii3yMeiiHH npouecca oöMeHa BemecTB H ÖHOJiorimecKoii npoAyKu.nn em,e Hejib3H onpeAeJiHTb TOTO, MTO B03MO>KHO ÖyAeT paCKpbITb C HCnOJlb30BaHHeM MeiieHHbix aTOMOB. BHXOA Ha nepBbiö njian B3r/iüAa ŐHO^orHMecKoií npoAyKUHH HE 03HA<IAET HCKJUOMGUHÍÍ HEOÖXOAHMOCTII npiiMenenHH HCCJIEAOBANHH, OTHOCJImiixcH K HAeorpa^HH 11 ixeHorpatjiHH, naoöopoT B 3epKajie HOBORO B3rjiHAa eme cii.ibHee cxaHOBHTcn BHAHMMH HeAOMeTbi, OTnocfiinHecH K TeMaTHKaM npoö^eM npeAbiAymux cTyneHefi. C pacinHpeHiieM oöjiacTH npiiMeiieHiisi TOIKH 3peHiia ÖHOJiorHMecKoii npoAyKUHH MO>KHO xopoujo COOaCOBaTb npaKTHiecKiie TOMKH 3peHiia, MOJKHO jiymne yBHAeTb pa3Himy Me>KAy pbióoBOA'iecKHMii npyAaMH H npHpoAHbiMH BOAaMH. CneuHajibHoft 3aAaieft ajiíi oTenecTBeHHMX ycAOBHfl aBjiaeTca BCKpbiTiie ocoöeiiHocTeii MejiKOBOAtift, cojiOHiaKOB H T. A- H IIX iiejiecoo6pa3Hoe ncnojibSOBaHe. CoOTBeTCTBeHHO pa3BHTHH arpapilbix 11 TeXHH<iecKHX HayK, a TaKJKe CoOTBeTCTBeHHO comiajibHbiM TOM K3M 3peHHH <J)OpMH pyeTCH OTHOUjeHHe qe/IOBEKA K BOAAM. B öyAymeM MW AOJIJKIIH eui,e B őojibmefl CTeneHH yiacTBOBaTb B pa3paöoTKe AeTa^bHbix BonpocoB no Hamefl enemiajibHOCTH. Bbino^neHiie 3aAa<í H TajiaHTjiHBOCTb HCC^eAOBaTe.ia AOJIJKHH cor.nacoBaTbca Tan, moSbi Hama paöoTa He npeACTaBjia.ia 6bi coöoio .nrniib yAOBJieTBopeHne jKawAbi no3HaHin'i, Ho oAiioBpeMenno óbi.na 6bi Ha nojib3y rocyAapcTBy. Tlie course ot' Hungárián ilytlrobiology Hungárián limnologieal research to 1944, and between 1945 and ]954 O. Sebestyén, Tihany Summary At the request of the Limnologieal Section of the Hungárián Hydrologieal Society the author presents a brief survev of Hungárián hydrobiologv, with emphasis on the activities of the past ten years. At the same time she outlines the problems whioh, in her opinion, await Hungárián hydrobiologv in the future. As limnology as a science is eharacteri'/.ed by a eertain duality, roots of Hungárián hvdiobiologv may be sought on the one hand along hydiological-geological lines and, on the other hand, in a biological (botanicalzoological) direction. 1. The first gorms of studies of aquatic life — aside from those in eomífcction with fishing — Itro associated with the narne of Kitaibel (1757—1817) who, in a work entiteled Hydrographioa Hungaiiae, deseribed the spring waters of this eountry from qualitative analytieal data and culogized them from a medical point of view. From the water plants in his herbárium derive the earliest data on the diatoms of Laké Balaton. He al.so made somé notes on the aquatic mioroflora and fauna. The first research on organisms of microscopic size coinoides with the first use of the mieroscope in this countrv (1803). 2. J. Pap (1875) and O. Hermán (1876) pointed out the unitiy of life in standing water, the circulation of the food materials in it, recognizing the activities of the difí'erent groups of the living world as supplementing one another, and the'regulating, restraining íole of the animal life in it. These observation proceded about ten years the American researcher Forbes. (1887) microcosmic conception of waterbodies. 3. The earliest data on algal flóra were eolleeted — fragmentarily — by F. Hazslinszky (1818—1896). The classie researchers on microscopic aqatic flóra were J. Pantocsek and G. Istvánffi. The name of V. Borbás (1844—1905) is eininent in connection with recognition of the higher aqatic plants. Study of the aquatic macroflora of Laké Balaton, taking an ecological direction, had a productive effect 011 the dcvelopment of the Hungárián phytogeography. Already in the 1850-ies wo encountcr studies along with aquatic animals, in the sixties T. Margó and G. Entz Sen. eomo to the főre. The greater part of the latter's work is devoted tó inland-water (fresh and salt water), as well as marine organisms, chicflv protozoa. Several of his pupils devoted themselves to aquatic animals and somé of them may be said to ha ve taken a definite hvdrobiologieal approach (Daday, Deseö, Entz Jun., Francé, Mártonffy, Tömösváry, Vutskits ctc.). Appreciation of E. Daday (1885—1920) forma a special chapter in Hungárián hvdrobiology. His work, for 40 years, extended over the entire Carpathian basin, and to working up material received from all parts of the world. He worked exhaustively on the most charactcristic groups of aquatic miorofauna and we alsó find his namc recurring in the foreign literature. 4. It is in the Laké Balaton survey organized by L. Lóczy at the end of the past century that there appears for the first time the rapprochement to one another of the physiographie and biological lincs, the prototvpe of the ecological attitűdé. The monograph : "Resultate der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Balaton-Sees" (1897—1918), presenting the results in their entirety in Hungárián and in Germán, are the well organized work of a cooperative group. Physiograpliical, botanical and zoological research was alsó carried by them. I11 this publication, plánt and animal co-associations are mentioned and the problem of the correlation between living organisms and their onvironrfícnt appears (Entz Jun., Francé, Istvánffi). In this period, and actually in the course of this Balaton research, we may for the first time speak of hydrobiology in Hungary.