Hidrológiai Közlöny 1953 (33. évfolyam)

1-2. szám - Kivonatok

76 Kivonatok Hidrológiai Közlöny 33. évf. 1953. 1—2. sz. CTEKJlflHHAfl nOCYAA AJIH TEXHHMECKH rPAMOTHOrO OTEOPA nPOE BOAbl K. LLI a p Ji o O TexHHiecKH rpaMOTHo OTo6paHHoft npo6e BOflti MO>KHO rOBOpHTb JIHUlb B TOM CJtyqae, eCJlH B OflHHaKOBblX oöbCMax opHrHHajii.Hott boám H OTOÖpaHHOíí H3 Hee npoBbi npH oahoíí H TOÖ »e TeMnepaType H aHajiorniHOM aaBJieHHH KOJIHqeCTBO Bcex COCTaBJIHWIUHX MaCTeÖ HBJIfleTCH H6H3­MeiiHbiM. CjieflOBaTeJibHO, B OTOÖpaHHOH npoöe He MO>K€T ÖblTb HHK3KHX nOCTOpOHHHX BemeCTB H CpeflH COCTaBJlHK)­mHx qacTefi opurHHajia boah He MOweT HHqero He^ocia­BaTb. MO>KHO JierKO yciaHOBHTb BawHOCTb TexHHqecKH rpa­MOTHoro OTÖopa npo6, ecjin öyaeM AyMaTb o TÓM, MTO 3Ha­qeHHe aHajiroa TaK>Ke 33BHCHT OT 3Tcro, T. K. ocHOBbiBaeTCH c0BMecTH0 c TexHHiecKHM 3aKJiioqeHHeM Ha TexHHqecKH rpaMOTHOM 0T,60pe npoö. OflHaKO, OT0OP npoöbl BOAbl Ae^CTBHTejIbHO reXHH­qecKH rpaMOTHbiM 0öpa30M He HBJIHCTCH y>K Ha CTOJibKO npocToií 3aflaHeH, Kan STO KaweTCH Ha nepBbiií B3rJiHA­3TOMy MemaioT qacTHqno (|M3HqecKoro, a qacTHqHo xHMHqe­cKoro nopHflKa 3aTpyaHeHHn. 3TH (JiH3HqecKoro poAa 3aipyAHeHHH nponcxoAHT OT Toro, MTO K03(JllJ)HU.HeHTbI paCWHpCHHH CTeKJia H BOAbI He paBHbi Me>KAy coöoio. IlosTOMy, B OCHOBHOM B Hanöojiee >KapKHe nepHOAbi jieTHHX MecnueB, cieKJiHHHyio nocyAy ' Hejib3H HanojiHHTb AOBepxa c BOAOH, HMeromeü ie»ne­paiypy HH)K6 TemnepaTypbi oKpy »aioneii c p e A w. h TeM Sojiee 3aKynopHTb npoöKoií, T. K. Ha­rpeBaiomaHCH Boaa npn conpoTHBJieHHH pacmupeHHio pa3BHBaei rpoMaAHoe AaBjieHHe Ha CTCHKH cocyAa, MTO B KOHeMHOM pe3yjibTaie BeAeT K pacKOjiy cocyAa. CjleAOBaTejTbHO Mbl BbIHy>KACHbI OCTaBJIHTb JIH111HHÍÍ Henano^HeHHbiií BOAOH oöteM OK. 6- 8 CM 3, MTOÖM H36e>KaTb onacHocTH pacnojia cocyAa ; Kan mw 3HacM B03Ayx, KaK H ocTajibHbie ra3bi, MOXHO KOMnpeccHpoBaTb B HecK0JibK0 pa3 Jierqe, qeM BOAy. 3TO AonyiueHHe CTOHT OAHaKO oqeHb A°poro, T. K­XHMimecKcro nopnAKa aaTpyAHBHHji nponcxoAHT HHeHHO OT 3THX 6 8 CM 3 B03AyXa npH TexHHqecKH rpaMOTHOM oTÖope npo6, a HMCHHO n0T0My, >rro coAep>KaHHe KHCJIO­poAa b npo5e He BeAeT ceöH HHepTno c co MHOTHMH H3 H3­ŐblTOMHblX HOHOB paCTBOpeHHblX B BOAe COeAHHCHHÍÍ. TaK, HanpHMep, OKHCJieHHe 1 Mr cyjiwjMAHbix HOHOB ao SJieMeH­Tapkoft cepbi, T. e. ajih HX pa3Jio>KeHHH, BnojiHe AOCTaToqno C0Aep>KaHHe 2 CM 3 B03Ayxa. 3Aecb MO>KHO ynoMjwyTb A°­fiojiHHTejibHO o 6oAbuioö qyBCTBHTejibH0CTH (jieppo HOHOB MHHepaAbHbix H jieqeÖHbix BOA K KHcJiopoAy B03Ayxa, T. K. nanp. B cjiyqae ÖJiaronpHHTHbix ycJioBHÖ KHCJIOPOA, coAep­wamHHcH B 1 CM 3 B03Ayxa, MO>KeT oöpaaoBaTb 4 Mr 5Kejíe3­Hoti oKa.iHnu B neiiiiux, coAepwamHx (JjeppoKejieao, BOAax. 3TO HB.meTCH npHHHHoii Toro, ITO onpeACJieHHe coAep­)KaHH« TaKHX qyBCIBHTejlbHblX K H3MeHeHHK) COCTaBJIHIO­mHx qacTefl BOA XHMHKH 05biqH0 npoBOAHT Ha Mecre, h^h >Ke oxAajKAeHHan cooTBeTCTByiouiHM 05pa30M npoöa aoct3b­.IHeTCH B JiaÖOpaTOpHK) AJI51 np0H3B0ACTBa aHajIH30B. 3TH 3aTpy;íHCHHH ömjih yCTpaHeHbi MHOKI B nepByio oqepeAb tcm, qTo ropjibiuiKo cocyAa ajih OTÖopa npoö, HanojineHHoro AOBepxy H TexHHqecKH rpaMOTHO, cJieAo­BaTejibHO HecKOJibKO pa3 npoMbiToro npoTCKaiomeií qepes Aoxoahiuhm ao AHa cocyAa CTeKjmHHyio TpyöoqKy BOAOÍÍ, h aaKynopHJi c npoBKoií, cHaő>KeHHOH oöuqiibiM KJianaHOM BynieHa. IlpH noBbimeHHii TeMnepaTypbi H36biTOK yBeJiHqHB­ui^rocn B oöieMe boám BbiTenaji qepe3 Heöojibiuoe OTBepcTHe CTeKJiHHHoií TpyöoqKH, oxoqBaqeHHoe co Bcex CTOPOH pe3H­HOBblM KOJIbUOM, H 3T0 CTa^O B03M0>KHbIM BCJieACTBHe paC­UIHP2HHH pe3HH0B0r0 KOJIbUa nOA BJIHHHHCM AaBJieHHH BOÁM. A B c^yqae naAeHHH TeMnepaTypu B03HHKiuee BHeui­nee AiB-TCHHe eme c Sojibiueü CHJIOH npHwHMajio pe3HHOBOe KOJIbUO K OTBepCTHlO B CTeKJIHHHOH TpyÖKe H TaKHM 0Öpa30M BnojiHe na^e/KHo ripciiHTCTnoBajio npoHHKHOBeHHK) pa3py­uiaiome AeöcTByiomeMy B03Ayxy B CTeKJiHHHbiií cocyA. CqHTaiO HeOÖXOflHMblM OTMeTHTb eme H TO, MTO B npoöe BOÁM, OTOÖpaHHOH B TaKoö cocyA TexHHqecKH rpaMOTHbiM 06pa30M, Aa«e nocjie 48 cyTOK ne.Tb3H öbuio na6jno;iaTb BbiAeJieHHH >KeJie3HoR oKajiHHbi, B TO BpeMH, KaK BOAa co­nep>Ka.ia OK. 17,6 Mr >Kejie3a. O peayjibxaTax onpeAe.neHHsi coAepwaHHH cep0B0A0­pOAa H yrAeKHcjioro ra3a npH noMomH- STHX cocyAOB H O uejiOM pHAe npeHMymecTB TaKoro MeTOAa OTÖopa npoö H cooömn^ B öojiee noApoSHoö (Jiop.Me TaK>Ke B THApojiorH­qecKOM >KypHajie 3a 1952 r. B JVe 5—6 Ha CTp. 208 — B Moefi CTaTbe. CjieAOBaTe^bHo, N onycKaio HX noBTopHoe onnca­HHe H HH>K6 nepexowy K KpaTKOMy paccMOTpeHHio HOBeií­mero, OAHaKO B OCHOBHOM öojiee ueJiecoo6pa3Horo peuieHHH. 2 3 MM OTBepcTHe, cxo)Kee c OTBepcTHeM Ha K.nanaHe ByH3ena, H npocBepjraji B ropjibiuiKe cocyAa ,'i-ifl OTÖopa npoö — B ero cpeAHeö qacTH H Ha STO MCCTO HaTHHyA pean­HOByw TpyöoqKy IUHPHHOÖ Bcero OK. 15 MM. Ha ropjibiuiKH 0,5, 1,0 H 1,5 AHTpOBblX ÖyTblJIOK XOpOUIHH pe3yjibTaT nOJiyqHACH C pe3HH0BbIMH TpyÖOqKaMH, OTpe3aHHbIMH OT BeJiocHneAHofi 25 MM KaMepu. YnoMHHyTbie 3Aecb őyTbiJiKH 3aKynopHBaioTCH npH noMomH cneuHajibHoíí 3acTe*KH. CjieAOBaTejibiio, ÖHJIO 6w nejiecooöpaam.iM Hcno.ib­30BaTb AJIH ÖyTblJIOK C MHHCpajIbHbIMH BOAaMH, HMeiOlUHMH MeHee CTOÜKHH cocTaB, HMCHHO 3TO peuieiiHH 3aKynopKH, qTOöw TpyAHinnecH nocTojiHHo nojiyqa^H 6bi MHHepajibHbie H jieqeÖHbie BOAH BbicoKoro KaqecTBa H ACÜCT BHTejibHo ueHHbie no cBoeMy cocTaBy. . ' 0 flPEBHEAPXEOJlOrHMECKHX BOÜPOCAX nElUEPbl BAPAAJIA Jl. B e pT e in TeppHTopHH OÖJI. BopmoA H TsMep HBJIHCTCH OAHOJÍ H3 naHÖojiee öoraTefliiiHX B apxe0A0rHqecK0M OTHOiuenHH MecTHOCTeii Haiiieft POAHHM. HecMOTpa Ha öoJibuiHe «ac­niTaöbi npoBOAHiUHXCH apxeojiornqecKHX HCCJieAOBaHHÜ AJiH nac ocTajicn Bee eme He pemcHHbiM, qTO cpeAH HaiÍAeH­Hbix KpeMHCBblX OpyflHH ÖblJIH jlH opyAHH 3pbl n.ieiícTOueHa, H.an we opyAHH HeojiHKTHKVMa? He pa3peuieH TaKwe H Bonpoc HaeeJieHHOCTH apbi iijieöcToueH. Bo Bpewn pacKo­noK öbijiH onpeAeJicHbi naMHTHiiKH A^yx AP^BHIIX KyjibTyp: öioKKCKan KyJibTypa HeojiHTa KaMeHHoro BeKa ; rajibuiTaACKaji paHHHH KyAbTypa we^e3Horo BeKa. BepTeui B cBoeií CTaTbe ynoMHHaeT TaKwe o KoiuyTC, KOTOpbiií öbui ne TOJibKO nanöojiee nporpeccHBHbiM H HaH­5o^ee reHHajibHbiM rocyAapcTBeHHbiM AeflTe.ne.w, HO TaK>Ke H BblAaHJmHMCH eCTCCTBOHCnbTTaTeACM, KOTOpbiií OÖOTHaB CBOTT BeK paCCM3TpHBajI pa3BHTHe C J^IqypHHCKOÜ TOqKH ;ipeHHH H YHCHHJI ceöe (jiopMHpyiomy w cHJiy oKpyweHHH H MMeiOmHXCH yCJIOBHVÍ. riTHMHH 3AB0BEAHHK (PE3EPBAT) bo3jie rop. CErEA y oexepto n. EcpeTUK B 8-MH KiiJioMCTpax OT rop. CercA B ccBep0-3anaAH0M iianpaBjieHHH pacnojioweHO Apesnee co.lnHoe ÖOJIOTO Ha NJIOMAAH 3000 RO.IB/IOR H 14 KBAAPATHBIX MCTPOB. B AOJIHHC peKH Tiicca 3TO ÖOJIOTO SIII-ISICTCH SacceiíHOM, Jie>KainHM HaHöojiee HHSKO N Ajibtlie^BAE (BejiHKaji BeHrepCKas HHS­MOHHOCTb). EOJIOTO nHTaeTCH OT HeperyjiHpoBaiiHbix BOA. HaqHHan c 1932 r. 3Aeci> iiocxeneHHo payuHBaeTcn pbiöo­B0AqecK0e X03HÜCTB0, 3anoBeAHHK 3aHHMaeT njio.uaAb Bcero jiHuib 350 ro.ib.ion. 3Ta iuioma,ni,, KaK 0CTaT0K BeH­repcKoro A.ihijie.Tb.na H ero öojiOTa, HB.WTCJT oqeHb HCIIHI.IM c ccTecTBOBeAqecKOH H opHHTOjiornqecKoft ToqcK 3peHHH. Becnoií H ocenbio iicpe;icTHbie iiTHnbi B öojibuinx Maccax npHJieTaiOT ciOAa. CpegH Hcqe3aioiuHX B Beiirpnn nTHu H3-3a eBponeftcKoro 3HaqeHHn B03MOWHOCTeií K rHe3AO­BaHHio 3Aecb eme cncTeMaTHqccKH rHH3AHTCH: Recurvi­rostra avosetta, Himantopus liimantopus, Olareola pratin­cola, Charadrius alexandrinus, H pe>Ke Tringa stagnatilis H AP- C pacuiHpeHHeM pbiöoBOAqecKoro xosaíícTBa öaccefiH 03epa cBH3aH c peKofi Tncca npn noMomH Kanajia, H ee BOAy MOÍKHO cnycKaTb B peKy. J\o Tex nop, noKa pbi60B0ACTB0 3Aecb öbiJio B pyKax qacTHoro ceKTOpa, 3Aecb pa3JiHqHbie jiHua B CBOHX iiHAHBHAyajibHbix HHTepecax öopojmcb npo­THB coxpaHeHHH 3amHTH0H 30Hbi. B nacTonmee BpeMH oSecneqeHo Ha STOÖ TeppHTopHH coxpaHeHHe xapaKTepa 3anoBeAHHKa.

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