Hidrológiai Közlöny 1950 (30. évfolyam)

7-8. szám - Kivonatok

The application of the new method in geomorphology leads over the dcsignation of groundforms, and througli geomorphological systemology, to the fixing of the surfacialterritorial system of climatic morphological provinces. According to the author, tliere are eight climatic-inorphological provinces. They are the following : 1. Glacial province ; it is divided into two subregions : the region of icesheets and the glacier-region of high mountains. Exolusive acting force is the free and directed glacial denudation. 2. Periglacial province. The iinmediate neighbourhood of glacial regions belong here. In the vicinity of polar icesheets such is the tundra-zone, in glaciated high mountains the strip of land below the snow-line. Chief acting denudating forcesarelhe mechanical breaking-up of rocks by freczing, and solifluction.The process of soliflnction has a yearly rhythm in the tundra-zone, as Trollpoints it out; it has a daily rhythm in the high mountains of the temperate and tropical zones. 3. Fluviatil and erosional province of the temperate zone. Chief denudating cffective force is the linear erosion of rivers (depending from the quality of rocks — see karst-erosion). Secondary forces : disintegration and chemical weathering. 4. Province of méditerranean climate. It is a transitional territory between the humid province of the temperate zone and the arid province of the desert. The qualitative alteration of denndation has a yearly rhythm. In the winter half of the year (humid) the fluviatil linear erosion and chemical weathering are characteristic ; in the summer half (dry) a decreased linear erosion and the mechanical breaking-up of rocks due to insolation are characteristic. 5. Semiarid climatic morphological province, or steppeli1 consequence of little precipitation, fluviatil erosion is of a decreased effectivcncss. An iinportant secondary force is disintegration. Chief cffective force is deflation. Formation of loess. 6. Desertic or arid province. Main denudative force is deflation (free deflation and corrosion of wind). There is a very strong insolational disintegration of rocks. 7. Region of tropical savannahs, or, tropical zone of oneperiodic summer-rain. The course of denudation shows a yearly rhythm. In the rainy, warm, summer period, the superíicial erosion (sheetflood), i. e. the rinsing of the surface, is the main cffective force, with considerable chemical weathering. In the winter (dry) season decreased linear erosion with strong disintegration are characteristic. This is the zone of »isolated tropical mountains«. (Inselberg.) 8. Equatorial zone of tropical forests, or, zone of tivoperiodic tropical rains. Constant, abundant precipitation, high temperature : extremely strong linear erosion of rivers, very effective chemical weathering and reduced superficial (sheetflood) erosion; quick-rhythmical destruction of the surface are characteristic. This climatic morphological-territorial division — we believe — gives the possibility that, with analytical investigations in the individual zones of the processes carving the surface, with a furtlier, and more minute breaking up of the territory of each zone, in conformity with the function of particular processes, the researchwork should alsó put the comparative morphological study of landseapes (not deseription of landseapes),inside geomorphological science on a truely geographical and dialectical basis. Today, the science of geomorphology is yet at the heginninga of such work. A hydrologieal study to the problems of industrial and drinking water supplv in the region between Danube and Tisza. Joseph Sümeghy (Hungárián text with figs. on p. 280). U. D. C. 551.49:628.1 (439.153). Discussing the geological formation of the selectcd area the author states that in the subsoil of that part of the hungarian basin. whicli lies between Danube and Tisza, the Pannonian strata are thickest, namely, 1500—2000 m. In the southern part of this countrv the Levantian strata are alsó considerablv thick. However the latest investigation of the author revealed yet a relatively bigger Levantian depression to exist between the towns ofCeglíd and Kecskemét and the Tisza river, and another one between the villagc of Vecsés and Kecskemét. The Levantian depressions eontinued theirsinking in thePleistocene-age.but a Pleistocene depression förmed itself alsó south of the line Kalocsa-Kiskőrös. This one, however, sank only 50 m. The depressions of the Levantian-age are deeper ; in the region of Nagykőrös and Kecskemét for instance the voung sediments of the depression are 400 m. deep. The Palaeo-Danube originally füled first the depth of Vecsés—Kecskemét till the end of the Pleistocene-pcriod, than turning southward the Danube of tbc late Pleistocene veered towards the depression at Kalocsa—Kiskőrös and here — roughly following its present valley — its main branch förmed itself. It fiiled up its valley 100 km. long, 30 km. wide and 15—20 m. deep with gravels of varying coarseness. South of Kalocsa this young Pleistocene series of strata suddenly deepens to 70 m. Both the gravels of the depression at Vecsés—Kecskemét and those forming the thick strata of Budapest—Kalocsa— Baja, (which are 15—20 (70) m. deep) contain abundant reserves of water. The author computed that calculating between Budapest and Kalocsa 10 l/m

3 it is possible to gain at least 300 rniEion m

3 of good drinking water. As this mass of water is not stored too deeply, it could be cheaply utilized as drinking and industrial water of that region. Moreover this quantity of water is easily restored, namely : 1. by percolating precipitation from above, 2. by infiltrating water of the Danube which flows across this area, and 3. by gound-water filtering into this area from higher level. Hydrological observations at Sátoraljaújhely. Dr. K. Korim — Dr. L. Szebényi (Hungárián text on p. 293.) U. D. C. 551.49 (439.138 Sátoraljaújhely.) For the purpose of solving the water stipply problem of the úrban swimming-pool the authors undertook a hydrogeological survey, to learn the possibilities of eventually gaining hot water. The most interesting result of their work is that in the úrban subsoil the geothermic lapse-rate (gradient) is 57 m., which in an unfavourably high number in view of gaining hot water. They alsó publish a profilé of a drilling 474 ni. deep, which they made in the city. According to this profilé and not taking into account the uppermost quaternary strata of 21 m. thickness, the driller passed entirely through strata of rhiolittuffes till the depth of 503 m. The fluor contents of drinking water in our towns. Dr. Szilárd Papp -— Anna Dippold (Hungárián text on p. 301.) U. 1). C. 628.11:546.16. The investigations carried out by the authors defined the fluor contents of the drinking water of towns by means of individual metliods, the essence of which is colorimetric comparison. With the aid of this method it is possible toachieve a precision of 1/10 mg/l. Proposition pour caractériser les déliits des cours d'eau. Par E. Mosonyi, Dr. Ing. (Texte hongrois p. 257.) U. D. C. 551.482.215.1. II arrive fréquemment que les chiffres se rapportant aux débits des cours d'eau que comportent les publications et, surtout, les deseriptions des constructions techniques ne permetent pas aux lecteurs leur appréciation. Par conséquent, quelques uns de ceux-ci n'ont aucune base pour fairé une comparaison entre la capacité du lit et les débits maximum, minimum etmoyendu cours d'eau dontils'agit. De ce fait, l'auteur préconise de caractériser toutes les données relatives au débit par un facteur qui indique leur rapport au débit moyen idéal. II est d'avis que l'adoption, comme base de comparaison, de minimum ou maximum de débit est moins convenable car leur évaluation est souvent incertaine. Par 319