Csiffáry Gergely: Manufaktúrák és céhen kívüli ipar Heves megyében - Tanulmányok Heves megye történetéből 14. (Eger, 1996)

GERGELY CSIFFÁRY: MANUFACTURES AND OTHER NON-GUILDSYSTEMATIC INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN HEVES COUNTY

GERGELY CSIFFÁRY: MANUFACTURES AND OTHER NON-GUILD SYSTEMATIC INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN HEYES COUNTY This study describes the manufactures and non-guild systematic industrial establishments deriving from the 20 sections of industry and economics of the early modern times. These establishments were situated in the territories of the present Heves County in 74 settlements operating as 190 units. Industrial establishments belonging to different lines of industry are separately examined in thematic order, starting with processing industry in alphabetic order. This study examines the period from 1687 1849. By 1687 Heves County had become completely free from the Turkish occupation. In 1849 feudalism came to an end in Hungary which meant the beginning of the capitalist era. Definition of time is very flexible in this study because any important detail which falls outside the given era is also mentioned. Each chapter of industrial lines, describes the main points of manufacturing, and the history of the establishment. This study is based on documents from archives, published sources and on an ample supply of printed and drawn maps. In researching, areas of geography, archaeology, ethnography and historical museology were referred to. Most of the themes dealt with- in connection with the early industrial initiations-are unknown parts of Heves County's history. The reason for dealing with this problem is that this territory due to its natural endowments (rivers, woods, rocks)-played an important part in Hungary's industrial past. These branches of industry created employment and numerous inexpensive products for the people who lived nearby. Only a few local industrial establishments were in military service to help the wartime effort (producing: nitrate and rock flour). Some of the establishments were brought to existence due to the flourish of war. (coarse blankets' factories, glucose fabrics). Iron-ore mining in Heves County began as a result of industry's increasing demand of iron and the boom of the French war between 1790 and 1819. During the boom it paid off producing iron in spite of its poor quality and little amount. However in the capitalist era iron industry was moved beside the important trade routes, in the Borsodi basin, and was no longer significant in Heves county. Coal mining initiations in the Bükk mountains and non-ferrous ore mining in the Mátra mountains helped contribute to the mapping of natural resources. The process of searching for non-ferrous ores and coal resulted in industrial-sized mining in the