Archívum - A Heves Megyei Levéltár közleményei 15. (Eger, 1998)

TANULMÁNYOK • KÖZLEMÉNYEK - Gyulai Éva: Nemesek és városi kommunitás Miskolcon a XVI.században • 5

In der zweiten Halfte des XVI. Jahrhunderts war die Provinzstadt Miskolc (und auch die anderen Orteh der türkischen Randgegend) die gröBte Herausforderung die türkische Steuerzahlung und die frühzeitige Konjunktur. Dieser Herausforderung, oftmals auch gegeneinander, versuchten die Gemeinschaft der Stadt und die örtlichen Adligen zu entsprechen, und daB dies gelungen ist, bezeugt: Miskolc behütete auch zur Türkenzeit seine Integritát, wirtschaftliche Kraft, provinzstadtische Kultur erfolgreich. Éva Gyulai Nobility and town communitas of Miskolc in the 16 1 century Miskolc, a market-town in the North-Western part of Hungary, as a part of the domain belonging to the Diósgyőr Castle, had been in property of royal landlords until the middle of the 16 century, but from this time, aristocratic families rented it in pledge until 1702. The nobility of Miskolc, privileged people of the feudal society appeared in the first century of the pledged lease among the serves of Miskolc. In the laté Middle Ages (before 1526) nobles in this area had rather lived in the settlements on the outskirts of Miskolc, out of the Diósgyőr castle domain. One part of the nobility of Miskolc derived from the office-holders. the servitors' stratum ofthe neighbouring Diósgyőr Castle, who got reál estates in Miskolc (houses, mills, vineyards) from the king and the landowners for their services. Nobles coming from Nógrád, and Gömör, escaping from the Turks, alsó settled down here. During the European agricultural prosperity ofthe second halt' the 16" century the market-town serves living in Miskolc were alsó ennobled, and gained property and social prestige as a result of their wine production, industrial activity (mainly slaughtering) and commerce and they were alsó granted feudal prestige by the king. The nobility of Miskolc and the council of the market-town, the communitas often had conflicts with the nobility of Miskolc, which were getting stronger. The communitas of the town wanted to keep the foundations of the Catholic religion which were becoming insignificant due to the spread of Protestantism (hospitál, altar, incomes) on a foundational right, and the nobles wanted to obtain these reál estates from the lords ofthe Diósgyőr Castle in return for their services. Since 1550 Miskolc paid grave tribute to theTurkish power in one annual sum (while the Hungárián king, the Church and the landlords, alsó laid claim to the feudal annuities). The town obliged the nobility here in residence to put their feudal privileges aside, and share the tribute paid to the Turks with the civilians of Miskolc. As the nobility did not have to pay any taxes to the Hungárián state, this became the source of further conflicts between the town council and the local nobility. The gravest conflict between the nobility and the communitas of the town appeared because of the the trade of the famous wine of Miskolc, as the town was keen on 25