A Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltár évkönyve 9. 1982 (Debrecen, 1982)

Tanulmányok - Mervó Zoltánné: Adalékok Hajdú megye dualizmuskori népoktatásához 1892-1918

való tiszteletlenség, trágár beszéd, lopás és különösen a cigarettázás mind nagyobb mérvet öltenek s az iskolakerülés esetei sűrűbbek lettek: az anyák fegyelmezése gyengének bizonyult, emiatt a tanítóságra vár a feladat, hogy a házi nevelés és fegyelmezés hiányait is pótolja. Sok helyen azonban a nélkülözhetetlen tanítót is katonai szolgálatra szólították, így a csekély létszámú tantestületekre fokozottabb felelősség hárult.

E szomorú valóságnak szinte természetes következménye volt a tanulmányi eredmény romlása s a tanulók nagy számban történt lemorzsolódása. Gyakori bejegyzés az anyakönyvekben a mulasztás miatt kimaradt tanulók neve mellett: „szegény”, „ruhátlan”, „árva”, „hadiárva”.46

Mindezek ellenére megállapíthatjuk, hogy a tanítói kar példás szorgalommal igyekezett a hiányokat pótolni s minél csekélyebbekké tenni azon hátrányokat és károkat, melyeket a világháború vihara okozott a népoktatásügynek.

Contribution to the public education of County Hajdú in the dualistic era

1892-1918

Mrs. Zoltán Mervó

The author has already investigated the aspects of the execution of the Public Education Act related to County Hajdú during the activity of school-inspector József Kiss (1872-1891) in her previous paper (published in the Annual of County Hajdú-Bihar No. VII.). The present paper surveys the period of the crisis of the dualism, decline of the Monarchy. Majority of the public schools in County Hajdú were under the supervision of the Protestant Congregation of Tiszántúl. A part of the villages belonged to the Congregation of Debrecen but the greater part of them to the Congregation of Alsó-Szabolcs-Hajdúvidék. Maintenace of the schools and provision of the salaries of the teachers was a great trouble to the school maintaining Protestant Congregation and their development did not progress to the desired extent. Schooling of the children of the population living in the periphery was unsolved in general everywhere. As the Congregation did not strive after foundation of schools for children living on detached farms solcing of the problems of school children of the farmers fell on the landowners, estatem villages the State. A private school was built by the generosity of land- owner Leo Fried on the puszta Cserepes of Tiszacsege in the year 1903. A school was built by the village on the Nagyhát and Jenőháza puszta belonged to the village Balmazújváros in the year 1907 and the elementary school of the farm named Görög or the estate Lichstein was established at the same time. In the year 1911 an undivided elementary public school was established by the State on Hajdúdorog-Szállásföld.

Further the study examines the substantial works of the public schools establishing that the curriculum issued by the Congregation in the schools of the Protestant Congregation of Tiszántúl and the public school organization solidified in 1889 served as the basis for establishment of the order and organization of the schools.

The official educational policy urged for the revision of the Public School Act at the turn of the revision of the Public School Act at the turn of the century, however, only a new curriculum was established in the year 1905. The new curriculum proved to be maximalist because the conditions were missing for the realization. There were not adequate supplies of school-books, text-books and the preparing of the teachers did not progress to the extent desired.

Development of the public schools was retarded by the World War I. for a long time.

46 A háborús iskoláztatásra: HBmL. VIII. 6/d. 1. — 439/1917. tanfelügyelői szám és Mihály S.— Antal Gy.: i. m. 24. old.

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