Dr. Nagy I. Zoltán szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 8. 1977. (Budapest, 1977)
A rich fauna, discovered in a little "bone pocket" speaks unambiguously for its Lower Pleistocene age (Betfian Phase, faunal list see p. ). The significance of the locality assemblage lies on one hand in the fact that, we have to do with a northern counterpart to the similar series of the submediterranean Villány Mountains, on the other represents this series at first in Hungary an extremely large time span from the Middle Pliocene up to the Middle Pleistocene as we have seen in this paper. Considering these facts, it is easy to understand that, the series of Osztramos yielded both stratigraphically (two new phases) and systematically (hitherto 17 new taxa) significant news. We give on this place a stratigraphical table showing the age of different localities on one place and comparing them with some other ones in Hungary and abroad (see p. ). The tectonical and karstmorphological evolution of the Osztramos Hill based on paleontolog ical data All fissures, discussed in this paper are - independent from their age of the same strike of north-eastern south-western direction, of different diameter, with vertical walls. The quick filling up of lithoclases proves the geological synchronism of their paleontological material. In the sediment of the Loc. 1. one can establish a subsequent movement indicated by the brecciation of the walls and the deformation of the stone-nucleuses of snails (further details see at KORDOS, 1974). Among the seventeen caves of different levels within the Osztramos Hill (KORDOS, 1973) could be observed two levels in the territory of the present mining area. Three caves formed in 320 meters O.D. were opened and later partially blasted down during the quarry operations. The walls of the caves 15-20 meters in its diameter and 8-12 meters in its hight were solved in a form of kettles. The lowest deposite in it was a yellowish silt (with the Loc. 13.), overlain by a calcite-layer with the thickness of 4-5 meters, wich contains on some places the mentioned shaly layers of Loc. 9. The cavity remained over the calcite was filled up with stalagmite and other dripstone formations. The morphological conditions of the lower level (305 m O.D.) are because the insufficient opening not clear. The cave systems of both levels were the result of solution in the phraeatic zone of a former higher karstic water table level, later dropping to a lower one. Considering the fact that, the vertebrate fauna proves a Middle Pliocene age of the containing deposites we have to count with an at last Lower Pliocene (Pannonian) vadose enlargement of the cave, being thus one of the oldest ones in Hungary (KORDOS, 1972, 1973a, b).
