S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 54. (Budapest, 1993)

On the basis of the ordinations the characteristic species of the habitats are the following: „BR": Carabus convexus and C. coriaceus. Pravisani and Torossi (1987) found the first species in Italy mainly in Brometum. Szél and Ádám (1992) captured both species also in Brometum in large numbers by pitfall trapping. Fazekas et al. (1992) mentioned C. convexus from Quercetum petraeae-cerris as one of the most abundant species. Carabus scheidleri is an accidental element of this group. This habitat is poor in number of species. „FO": determinant species is Aptinus bombarda. Brandmayr et al. (1983) found it-contrary to our examinations - in large numbers in Pinus nigra forest, too. In our opinion this species is an indicator of the „FO" association. Platyderes rufus is a colouring element here (Fig. 2). „QC" and „MF": typical species are Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and Abax parallelepipedus. They are true forest carabids in terms of their degree of affinity to forest biotopes (Turin and Heijermann 1988). Further species are e.g. Carabus nemoralis, Pristonychus terricola („QC"), Leistus rufomarginatus, Molops piceus („MF") and in both association Platyderes rufus. „PN": there is no characteristic species in this habitat on the Nagy-szénás. The number of specimens is-similarly to „BR"-low, but the spectrum of species agrees approximately with those of the other sites. The investigations of Hejiermann and Turin (1989) carried out on 48 sites in different types of forests in The Netherlands also showed, that the fauna of coniferous forests are not less poor in species, than that of decidous forests. In this case great importance is attached to Carabus hortensis in the ordination, because of its higher relative abundance. In this association Abax parallelepipedus is the dominant species. This forest carabid is typically an opportunistic species, and it is especially good in adaptation to the overall environment (Loreau 1983, 1992). The spatial and temporal structure of the soil surface and reproductive activity of A. parallelepipedus (see e.g. Löser 1972, Janssen 1982, Stubbe 1983, Loreau 1985 and Desender et al. 1987), those distribution and relatively important divergence proves also the good adaptation strategy of this species. That is why it is possible, that this species can be dominant in different plant associations (cf. Benest and Cancela da Fonseca 1980, Chemini and Werth 1982, Contarini 1986, Pravisani and Torossi 1987, etc.), and so it is an important component of the pine forest assemblages. Among others it has been detected as a dominant species in stands of Pinus nigra (Brandmayr et al. 1983), Pinus silvestris (e.g. Stubbe and Tietze 1982) and „Sitka spruce" (Day and Carthy 1988) as well. „FA": The characteristic species was Pterostichus melas, on which we have only few information (e.g. Hiirka 1986). Its occurrence was indicated by Papp (1959) from PotentilloQuercetum, and was shown to be present in Querco-Ostryetum (Contarini 1986) and in Quercetopetraeae-cerris (Fazekas et al. 1992). A colouring element in this group was Abax ovalis. Remarkable was the absence of species from the Carabus genus. Among the 16 carabids enumerated in Table 1 the less abundant species (<100 individuals) are evidently habitat specialist, with the exception of Pristonychus terricola, which is a habitat generalist species in our six investigated sites. In the case of the more abundant species (> 100 individuals) the range is more complex. The HF and HSI values for these species are given in Table 2. Luff et al. (1989) and Dufrêneetal. (1990) recognized ecologically meaningful habitat groups by the classification and ordination of their overall data set. Each species in Table 2 belongs to the woodland group on the basis of the categories of the above-mentioned authors, because of the HF values of these species. This assignment may be explained by the fact, that they are present at least in one of the woodland habitats by a higher positive value or in several places by mean value (about zero), in Brometum by approximately -1 fidelity number or by the combination of these.