S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 53. (Budapest, 1992)

Map 3 Administrative subdivisions of Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and Transcaucasia. See explanation in Map 1 with a capital first letter and a geographical term written as a rule with a small .first letter. The proper name is usually an adjective formed from the stem of a noun (another proper name) by adding a termination (suffix and/or case ending). Some letters of the stem may be changed when forming the adjective. There is no agreement for the spelling of such Russian names. Extreme variants, which may be designated as "strict transliteration" and "partial translation" (ranging sometimes to complete translation) are illustrated in the Table 3. Larger atlases (e.g. The Times Atlas of the World, the New York Times Atlas of the World) prefer strict transliteration, while educational and popular atlases use partial translation or some intermediate variants. For several better known names the traditional spelling (e.g. Moscow for Moskva, or Crimea for Krym) is well established and indicated in dictionaries. We recommend traditional spelling for the names of republics (Tables 5, 6) and for a limited number of other names (Table 7), strict transliteration for administrative divisions lower than republics (Table 5), strict transliteration of the proper name and translation of the geographical term (if present) in all the remaining geographical names (Table 8). An additional point of controversy is the use of capital or small first letter in geographical terms, e.g. Pskovskaya Obi, Pskov Reg. or Pskovskaya obi, Pskov reg.; Lake Ladoga or lake Ladoga. For uniformity we recommend capital first letter for all geographic terms used in locality names (e.g. Lake, River, Mountains, Island, Nature Reserve). For other terms (e.g. city, village, railway station) small letters should be used.