S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 27/2. (Budapest, 1974)
two (apomorphy, Eur op horini) . Ovipositor is short as a rule (apomorphy), rarely it is longer than the abdomen (plesiomorphy, in some Meteorus species). Size: 2-7 mm. Host spectrum is wide: caterpillars, larvae and adults of Coleoptera, Psocoptera, larvae of Rhynchota, the majority, however, are parasites of adult Coleoptera and Heteroptera. 500 - 100-150 species. The phylogenesis of this subfamily was recently discussed by TOBIAS (1965, 1966). 11. Helconinae. - This is the most ancient group of Bracon idae, almost every single one of their characteristics is plesiomorph. Body elongate. Head cubic, occipital carina is present. Mesonotal furrow is deep and crenulated. The number of cubital cells is three. The propodeum, metapleuron and tergites l(-2) are scabrous or rugose (apomorphy). The ovipositor is long. Size: 3-15 mm. They parasitize the larvae of woodboring beetles (Cicindellidae, Buprestidae, Bostrychidae ) . 230 - 40-50 species. The species of this subfamily are grouped into three tribes on the bases of wing venation, place of articulation of thorax and abdomen and the distribution of sculpture ( Helconini , Cenocoelini, Diospilini ) . 12. Ichn e utina e . - The group has a small number of species only, which are much specialized with numerous apomorph features. Head strikingly transverse. Head, especially the thorax bears many sutures and furrows, the abdomen is hairy (Proterops) , The number of cubital cells is three, wing venation is normal, no atrophy is present (plesiomorphy), but wings are frequently fuscous. Size: 3-6 mm. They exclusively parasitize the larvae and eggs of Symphyta. 30 - 5-6 species. 13. Macrocentrinae . - A single genus comes under this heading (Macrocentrus ) . Many plesiomorph morphological features re see île to Helconinae . Neverthelles, this group is considered to be a separate subfamily because within the Braconida e only the species of Macrocentrus are polyembrionic in nature (apomorphy). True, there are certain species which are polyembrionic only at the beginning of their development. Body elongate, head transverse, occipital carina is missing. Their dorsal and pleural furrow are well developed. The number of cubital cells is three. The propodeum and the first abdominal tergite are frequently scabrous, rugose. The ovipositor is long (occasionally very long). Size: 4-15 mm. 150 - 25-30 species. 14. Microgasterinae . - It is one of the biggest groups of Braconidae . From agricultural and sylvicultural viewpoints it is perhaps the most important subfamily (the extremely useful Apanteles species also belong into this group). Their average size is fairly small: 2. 5-4 mm, reaching a maximum of about 6-8 mm. Eye without some exceptions is hairy. The number of antennái joints is consequently 18. The number of cubital cells is two or three, the second cubital ceR is small, its outer side closed or open (e.g. Apanteles ) . The larva possesses caudal vescicle. Mostly they parasitize rather varied groups of caterpillar hosts, only a few parasitize larvae of Coleoptera and Symphyta. 1500 - 300-350 species. This subfamily is divided into two tribes: Cardiochilini and Microgasterini (NIXON 1965). They are in close relation with the subfamilies of Cheloninae and Adeliinae . 15. Neoneurinae . - This is one of the most specialized groups of Braconidae . According to TOBIAS (1967b) this subfamily is the closest ally of Euphorinae . The palpi are very short, maxillary palpus with two, labial palpus with one joint only. Antenna is shorter than the length of the body, 13-16 jointed. The legs are also short, on the other hand,
