S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 27/2. (Budapest, 1974)
the tarsi are long, claws are tiny. The radial.cell is narrow, the second cubital cell is small, the number of cubital cells is three. Size: 1.5-2.5 mm. They parasitize adult ants. 12-2 species. 16. Opiinae . - In the past 15 years FISCHER discussed and revised all the species of this subfamily. His works made known world Opiinaë on a common basis. Most of the species belong to the genus Opius which is now one of the most populous of Braconidae genera. The plesimorph and apomorph features are mixed in this group (FISCHER, 1970), it is very likely that this subfamily is just now under a vigorous development, from which further specialized groups will sooner or later separate (this is referred to by the high number of Opius , too). Head transverse. Between the clypeus and the mandibles there is a split elliptic opening (much resembling Braconidae ) . The teeth of mandible are arranged as in Alysiinae (and Dacnusinae ) . The dorsal suture (notauli) and the sternauli showa series of gradual developmental stages. The number of cubital cells is three, no striking atrophy or obliteration of venation is observed. Occasionally the first abdominal segment is petiolate, generally it is 1. 5-times longer than broad at posterior margin, it is slightly broader toward its posterior.margin, the first tergite never bears a scutellar plate. The ovipositor is-short, often hidden, only in rare cases is it longer than half the length of the abdomen. Size: 2-5 mm. They mainly parasitize the maggots of Diptera (Agromyzidae, Trypetidae, Anthomyiinae) , they are internal parasites. 1100 - 80-100 species. 17. Rogadinae . - The clypeus: (immediately above the mandibles ishemisphericallyhollowed out, much resembling Braconinae. Head mostly only weakly transverse, the occipital carina is developed. The number of cubital cells is three, the second cubital cell is generally quadrate (r2 and cuqu^ of about equal lengths, plesiomorph features). The first and second abdominal segments articulated, easily movable with respect to each other (enhancing an easier parasitism of hidden caterpillars .) Head-thorax-abdomen mostly rugose or at least rugulose. The ovipositor is very short (apomorph features). Systematically varied groups of caterpillar hosts are parasitized (endoparasites.) 300 40-50 species. 18. Triaspiinae . - Contrary to customary belief (e.g. TELENGA 1952) today we regard them to be close relatives of Calyptinae , although morphologically they are much like Cheloninae (in fact, they are a very specialized group of ancient Calyptinae). This is supported by the form and habit of larvae and the less conspicouos but essential morphological features of the adults, too. The first abdominal segments are fused, the borderlines of segments are either wholly obliterated (apomorphy) or may be seen, Notauli deep, often crenulated (plesiomorphy, resembling Calyptinae) . The number of cubital cells is two. Thorax and abdomen as a rule are heavily sculptured. The length of ovipositor is about half the length of abdomen (apomorphy, similar to Calyptinae). Size: 2-5 mm. They live in Bruchidae, Anobiidae , Curculionidae, Anthribidae, Tortricidae, and Coleophoridae larvae and eggs. 200 - 40 species. Their number will most probably increase when the extra-Holarctic species will be studied. 19. Zelinae . - This group is in relation with the probably most ancient Braconidae , the Helconinae (besides the Doryctini ) . According to older systems Zelinae (with one genus Zele) was considered to form a subfamily with Macrocentrus known as " Macrocen- trinae " . Mostly it has plesiomorph features. The body is rather smooth. The number of cubital cells is three. The occipital carina is developed. The coxae are short. The
