Folia archeologica 40.

Vörös István: Campona – Nagytétény római tábor állatcsontmaradványai

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE ROMAN CASTELLUM AT CAMPONA - NAGYTÉTÉNY The Roman military camp at Campona (today Nagytétény, the XXIInd district of Budapest) was built cca 15 km to the South of Aquincum beside the limes road between the castellum and vicus sites at Albertfalva and Matrica (Százhalombatta — Dunafüred). The excavations in the military camp were started in 1935

123 directed by István JÁRDÁNYI-PAULOVICS

; later they were continued in 1949, 1952, 1954-57 and 1960 by Ferenc FÜLEP.

45 The 1949 — 60 excavations yielded few animal bones from the NE quarter of the camp. The determination of part of this bone material was published by Sándor BÖKÖNYI.

6 The fauna list completed by those animal remains which had come to light from the 1949 excavations and were stored in the Roman Collection is in Table 1. Domestic animals are prepresented in the excavated area of the camp by the remains of seven species; cattle, sheep

, goat, pig, horse

, ass and dog while game animals are represented only by two species, aurochs and red deer. The topographical distribution of the animal bone material (Fig. 1. Table 1.): 1. Eastern gate tower of the camp (porta principalis sin.); 2. Inner NNE tower (between the E. gate tower and the NE corner tower); 3. NE corner tower; 4. vallum; 5. Within the camp; 6. Outside the camp. In the territory of the castellum domestic animal remains were dominanty "kitchen garbage" being in a secondary position; while the minor part of the remains consists of the joint extremities of different animals which were most probably the rest of chopping up. In addition to these remains among the dog carcasses thrown into the vallum two partially preserved skeletons were found. 69,2 per cent of the animal bones belongs to domesticated animals and 30,8 per cent of them belongs to two wild animals. The specific distribution of the domesticated animal bones is the following: cattle: 50,48 per cent, horse: 16,97 per cent, pig: 12,38per cent, dog: 9,64 per cent, small ruminants: 9,18 per cent

, ass: 1,37 per cent. The 30,8 per cent presence of game animals in the castellum is due to those 88 antler pieces which constitute the raw material source for an an tier worker'

s workskop and also the waste of manufacture. The cattle raised in Campona castellum belong to at least two types (species); to a medium size (1100-1190 mm Wh) and to a high (1300- 1390 mm Wh) body mesurement category.

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5 At the Roman settlements of civilians (vicus, villa, town) in Pannónia more than one types of cattle depending on their use weie kept. Therefore in these sites — apart from those known from military camps, watch-towers — also small stature and from the 2nd century A. D. on rarely even cattle of gigantic stature occur.

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6 Sheep are represented in Campona castellum by three types (species) while