Folia archeologica 31.
István Vörös: Zoológiai és palaeoökonómiai vizsgálatok a korai neolitikus Körös kultúra archaeozoologiai anyagán
ARCHAEOZOOLOGIA 51 species (Wild boar, 46,83 per cent), while at Nosza-Gyöngypart a steppe species (wild ass 32,35 per cent) was the most frequent. The sequence of the 2 n d —5 t h mammals is the same (scrubby forest, closed forest, steppe species). Wild mammals being at the 6 t h place are the opposite of those being at the first place. At Monostorszeg-Opoljenik only two wild mammal species were found ; the roe deer and the "wild sheep: Ovis musimon Schreber". 6 7 The authenticity of the wild sheep is debated," 8 unfortunately there is no possibility any more to study the find. On the basis of the photo of the skull fragment with horn 69 core it is impossible to decide whether it was a wild or a domesticated sheep. As the wild goat (Ibex group) and the wild sheep (Musimon group) may be found 7 0 in the Mesolithic — Neolithic sites of S —SE-Europe we can reckon with the sporadic occurrence of the forest wild sheep in the Carpathian Basin, too. Naturally these wild small ruminants did take no part in the domestication. II. Northern Banal Sajan-Dombos (Yugoslavia), Óbesenyő, Bukovapuszta (Roumania) From this territory only the species composition and ratio of the animal bone material found at Sajan-Dombos is known. 7 1 The bone material is relatively small — 10 mammal species — but it is good for evaluation. 55,78 per cent of the bone material belongs to domesticated animals, while 44,22 per cent of them belongs to wild mammals. 63,06 per cent (!) of the bone material of domesticated animals represents cattle and only 31,54 per cent of them belongs to small ruminants. Considering the environmental demands of the wild mammals first of all the closed forest species (61,36 per cent) and the scrubby forest species (37,50 per cent) were found, the steppe species came to light only in 1,13 per cent. O. Kadic determined 10 mammal species in the animal bone material of Óbesnyő (Table 2), 7 2 or more exactly 9 species, because the tenth is the aurochs whose metapodii were used for polished bone spatulae. 7 3 There were 401 animal bones found at the settlement. 248 specimens of them represent garbage, the other 153 specimens came from bone implements. A single fragment of "Equus caballus L." was found too, which could not have originated from a domesticated horse. With the knowledge of the wild mammal fauna of the Early Neolithic SE-Europe this equid from Óbesenyő would have been either a wild ass or a forest wild horse. At Óbesenyő also the cattle was the most frequent domesticated animal. 6 7 Koch, A., Földt. Közi. 32(1902) 346.; Gubitza, К., op.cit. 246. r' 8 Bökönyi, S., Acta Arch.Hung. 11(1959) 42., n.24. 6 9 Koch, A., op.cit. 346., Fig. 1. 7 0 Radulesco, C. — Samson, P., Sur une centre de domestication du mouton dans le Mésolithique de la grotte „La Adam" en Dobrogea. Zeitschr. f. Tierzüchtung u. Züchtungsbiol. 76(1962) 282 — .; Payne, S., Faunal change at Franchthi Cave from 20,000 B.C. to 3,000 B.C. In : Archaeozoological studies. Ed. A.T. Clason. (Amsterdam - Oxford - New York 1975) 122-, 7 1 Giric, M., op.cit. n. 24. 7 2 Kisléghi, N.Gy., Arch. Ért. 31(1911) 161. 7 3 Ibid. Table I. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8. 4*
