Folia archeologica 31.
István Vörös: Zoológiai és palaeoökonómiai vizsgálatok a korai neolitikus Körös kultúra archaeozoologiai anyagán
44 I. VÖRÖS Goat At the settlements of the Körös Culture horn-cores of young and old individuals were found. Osteometrie data of goat bones are scarcely known. The goats had big body size, but their horn-cores were small, scimitar-shaped of small "aegagrus" type although a twisted horn-core of "prisca" type is known from Ludas-Budzak (Yugoslavia). 4 2 It is interesting that in the time of the Körös Culture domesticated goats with the typical aegagrus type horn core are known only on representations. 4 3 At Szajol-Felsőföld the height of the goat estimated with the aid of the Schramm method 4 4 is the following (in mms): 724,3 (radius) and 713,0 (mc). Pig — Sus scrofa domestica Gray The keeping of pig was not significant in the animal keeping of the Körös Culture. Only 0,13 — 1,11 per cent of the animal bone material found at the settlements belongs to pigs (Table 1, 2). 4 5 In one of his papers S. Bökönyi supposed that the introduction of the pig to the Carpathian Basin was a "half phase" behind that of the cattle and the small ruminants. 4" He proves the immigration or import of the animal to the Carpathian Basin and rejects the possibility of the introduction of a domestication technique. 4 7 It is worth reexamining why did the culture not pay a similar attention to the keeping of the pig like as to that of the small ruminants? Small ruminants had no wild form suitable for domestication in the Carpathian Basin, yet the people of the Körös Culture could keep and breed them on a high level. For the time being it is hard to answer these questions. The only possible starting point is the following: on the settlements of the Körös Culture the remains of pigs are very rare or even absent. Nevertheless in presumably later (?) phases of the Körös Culture, depending on the extension of the excavated areas, at the settlements the number of the pig bone material is increasing. At Szajol-Felsőföld, too, pig remains were found only in the latest period of the excavated part of the settlement — in the upper 0 — 90 cms of the filling of the pits. When the filling up of the excavated part of the settlement was begun (pit 1 is 200 cms deep), the inhabitants did not eat domesticated pig but wild boar. It is probable that 4 2 Bökönyi, S., op.cit. 1977. 14. 4 3 An interesing feature in the art of the Körös Culture is the figurative representation of animals in relief. Not many species were represented, only stags and some horned animals (Kutzián, /., op.cit. 76), i.e. red deer, roe deer, ibex (?) and domesticated small ruminants. Red deer (Ibid. PI. 11,1., XVII, 1.; XLI, 6), roe deer (Ibid. PI. XLI,8) and domesticated small ruminants (Ibid. Pl. XLI, 9., XLII,3) were represented naturalistically. The ibex (?) was stylized (Ibid. Pl. XX, Ib., XII, 2) or represented naturalistically (Ibid. PI. XLI, lb., XLII, 1). Horn core finds from domesticated goates of the long-horned aegagrus type has not occurred so far in garbage from Körös Culture settlements. Horn cores from goats represented in this period are known only from Late Neolithic settlements. Of the animals represented red deer and roe deer belonged to hunted animals. Small ruminants on representations look rather like goats and not sheep. Their most important domesticated animals, as shepp and cattle, were, on the other hand, not represented. 4 4 Schramm, Die Röhrenknochen und die Widerristhöhe bei der Ziege. Roczniki Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczej w Poznaniu 36(1967) 89-105. 4 5 Vide notes 3-20. 4 6 Bökönyi, S., op.cit. 1964. 88. 4 7 Id., op.cit. 1974. 108.
