Folia archeologica 31.

István Vörös: Zoológiai és palaeoökonómiai vizsgálatok a korai neolitikus Körös kultúra archaeozoologiai anyagán

ARCHAEOZOO

I.OGIA 45 the people of the Körös Culture realized the prolificness of the wild boar, and maybe a more sedentary way of life of the people made possible the domestication of the Eastern-European wild boar (Sus scrofa attila Thomas), too. The pigs found in the settlements of the Körös Culture represent the primitive small-sized palustris type (Sus scrofa palustris Rütimeyer). The only Osteometrie datum published on pigs is the one from Maroslele-Pana; the dimensions of a tibia diaphysis (in mms) : width: 16,8; depth: 12.

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8 The age group distribution of the bones or of the individuals of pigs are known only from Szajol-Felsőföld ; one of the two individuals was infantile, the other was adult. Dog — Canis familiaris Linné The people of the Körös Culture kept the dog first of all as a companion, the utilization of the animal as food was barely important though the presence of some broken up skulls may suggest it. It was used as a watch-dog at the settlements but its activity in driving and tending the flock as well as as a hunting dog was also essential. In the settlements of the Körös Culture only the 0,20—1,62 per cent of the whole animal bone material belongs to dogs (Tables 1, 2)

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9. Considering the number of individuals there were very few dogs at the settlements, which indicates its rarity while the preponderance of adult individuals shows its high esteem. At Lepenski Vir in Yugoslavia even the cultic role of dog is known

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0 unfortunately we do not know in which phase of the settlement. The dogs of the Körös Culture belong mostly to the small-sized turbary spitz dog (Canis familiaris palustris Rütimeyer).

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1 There are only few Osteometrie data on dogs.

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2 Lower tooth row : length of row of Pi_4 n Szajol-Felsőföld 2 Röszke-Ludvár 3 length of row of Mi_3 Röszke-Ludvár 5 length of Mj Röszke-Ludvár 5 Szajol-Felsőföld 2 X min. — max. 33 - 35 33,34 30 - 38 32,70 30 - 35 20,20 18 - 22 19 - 19,5 4

8 Id., op.cit. 1964. 90. 4

9 Vide notes 3-20. 5

0 Bökönyi, S., Arch.Ért. 96(1969) 159.; Id., Animal remains of Lepenski Vir. Science 167(1976) No. 3926. 1704. 6

1 Id., op.cit. 1964. 90.; 1974. 318. 5

2 Id., op.ci t. 1964. 90.; 1974. 557., 560-561.