Folia archeologica 27.

István Fodor: Az uráli és finnugor őshaza kérdése (Régészeti áttekintés)

158 I. FODOR forest zone, in the Finno-Ugrians, whereas on the northern zone Lapps were living, in their bulk of an eastern origin, eastwards from them we find Samoyeds. The life of these population groups was in the Neolithic (fourth to third millennia), and even till the end of the second millennium B. C. almost undisturbed, we have not to count with major migrations on their territory. According to him a continuity between the Neolithic population of the Baltic Comb-Marked Pottery culture and the later Common Finns can be proved.

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5 Essentially of the same opinion is L. Jaanits. Also he surmises that the FinnoUgrian unity dissolved as early as the Mesolithic Age und we have to take the population of the so-called typical Comb-Marked Pottery culture of the third millennium B. C., arriving from the East, for the ancestors of the Baltic Finns.

511 The population of the Sperrings Pottery, settled more towards the North, can be, according to him, identified with the Proto-Lapps.

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7 In his Moscow lecture held in 1972, C. F. Meinander called the attention to the fact that the family tree of the Finno-Ugrians is merely a linguistic construction, while ethno-historical processes took place, in all possibility, in a different way. According to him we must not start from the basis that the Finno-Ugrian ancient population migrated from an one-time original home, but we have to consider the north-eastern part of Europe (included Finland and the East Baltic area as well) as populated from the Neolithic Age on by groups different as for their languages and ethnic composition; among these the Finno-Ugrian language was dispersed by the way of constant connections. He visualises the evolution of Finno-Ugrian languages not according to the family tree theory but to the wave theory. He puts the period of the linguistic homogenisation to the Comb-Marked Pottery culture, i. e. the fourth to third millennia B. C. According to him significant population groups did not migrate from the East to the eastern Baltic.

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8 In oppisition to the above notions archaeological investigation of the past two decades unanimously proved the fact that the comb-marked, resp. comband-pitmarked pottery was characteristic for several Neolithic popular-cultural units, and in this period we have to count with important population migrations on its diffusion area.

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J Among the most significant ones might have been that 5

5 Moora, H. A., Voprosy slozenija estonskogo naroda i nekotoryh soscdnih narodov v svete dannyh arheologii. VEIEN (Tallinn 1956) 59 64. ; Id., Zur ethnischen Geschichte der ostseefinnischen Stämme. SMYA 59(1958): 3. 7-17. 5

G Jaanits, F. Ju., К voprosu ob etniceskoj prinadleznosti neoliticeskogo naselenija territorii Estonskoj SSR. VEIEN (Tallinn 1956) 146-161.; Id., Poselenija epohi neolita i rannego metalla v priust'e r. Emajugi (Estonskaja SSR). (Tallinn 1959) 370-37Í.; Id., Die frühneolithische Kultur in Estland. CIFU II. (Helsinki 1968) II. 24. 5

7 Id., К voprosu . . . 160. 5

8 Meinander, C. F., Probléma proishozdenija finno-ugrov po dannym arheologii. In: Etnogenez finno-ugorskih narodov po dannym antropologii. (Moskva 1974) 18-28.; - Previously - based on the Marrist theory - A. V. írniidt, among others, disclaimed the existence of an original home and population of Finno-Ugrians: О rabotah russkih arheologov po finnam. Soobscenija GAIMK 1932: 3-4. 37. 5

9 The cultural unity of the East European Kammkeramik was refuted by AI. E. Foss, dividing the culture to three independent groups (Volga-Oka, Ural-Kama and East Baltic groups): Drevnejsaja istorija severa Evropejskoj casti SSSR. MIA 29. (Moskva 1952) 153-193.; - Later P. N. Tret'jakov regarded merely the Ural-Kama group as Finno-Ugrian, according to him the local population moved at the end of the Neolithic period and at the beginning of the Bronze Age westwards (Volosovo culture): U istokov etniceskoj istorii finno-ugorskih plemjon. SE 1961: 2. 78-79. - On the other hand V. Enho regarded the Volga-Oka group as Finno-Ugri-