Folia archeologica 27.

István Fodor: Az uráli és finnugor őshaza kérdése (Régészeti áttekintés)

THE URALIAN AND FINNO-UGRIAN ORIGINAL ПОМЕ 159 about 2000 B. C., when the population of the so-called Volosovo culture migrated from the central Volga region with a great sweep westwards, reaching the regions near the Baltic in a relatively short time. The bulk of the specialists considers them as Finno-Ugrians moving westwards.

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0 A major part of linguists points out, that we have no ground for retracting the hypothesis of an ancient language, and the importance of areological research does not make the family tree theory unnecessary or anachronistic.

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1 I do not intend to treat here the question of the Mesolithic Kunda culture of Esthonia (seventh millennium B. C.) at length, as Gy. László and P. Hajdú dealt with these notions thoroughly.

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2 To-day the possibility of deriving this culture from the Uralian Shigir culture of an uncertain chronology but decidedly younger, as presumed some twenty years ago by A. Ia. Briusov, cannot be maintained.

63 It can be asserted, too, with complete certainty that we cannot count with a westward migration of the Kunda people either, as thought by R. Indreko.

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4 We can exclude therefore the so-called "Kunda-Shigir problem" in all probability finally from the questions of the Finno-Ugrian original home. According to the theory of Gj. László the ancestors of the Uralian peoples are to be sought in the Late Palaeolithic Swiderian culture, spread on the territory between Central Poland and the Oka River. A group each of this population would migrate to the North (Kunda culture), resp. to the East (Shigir culture). Fie presumes the former ones to be the ancestors of the Lapps, the later ones the Samoyeds. In the Neolithic Age the population of the Swiderian territories pro- , duced the Comb-and Pit-Marked culture, in whose western group-on the territory of the East Baltic - we might identify the remains of the Common Finns on the one hand; in the Oka group on the other hand that of the Permians and Ugrians; on the territory between these the dwellings of the Volga Finns are to be sought. The spreading of the Uralian Comb-Marked culture would indicate the dwellings of the Proto-Samoyeds. Similarly to the Finnish and Esthonian specialists Gy. László takes it for granted that in the Neolithic there were in the ans, considering the population of the other two groups as Indo-Europeans: Die kammkeramische Kultur und die finno-ugrische Frage. CIFU II. (Helsinki 1968) II. 56-57. - A recent comprehensive study on the culture: Tret'jakov

, V. P., Kul'tura jamocno-grebencatoj keramiki v lesnoj polose Evropejskoj casti SSSR. (Leningrad 1972). - On Neolithic population migrations see also: Gitrina, N. N., К voprosu о nekotoryh obscih elementah materiaPnoj kul'tury neoliticeskih plemjon Urala i Pribaltiki. In: V. Ural'skoe arheologiceskoe sovescanie. (Syktyvkar 1967) 17. 0

0 Tret'jakov

, P. N., Finno-ugry, baity . . . 49-57.; Halikov, A. H., Drevnjaja istorija Srednego Povolz'ja. (Moskva 1969) 92, 378.; Bader, O. N., Bassejn Oki v epohu bronzy. (Moskva 1970) 39.; Fodor, I., Skizzen aus der Archäologie der finnisch-ugrischen Urgeschichte. (Summ.) RF II: 15. (Bp. 1973) 17-18. U

I Serebrennikov, В. A., Prajazyk как neobhodimaja model'. CIFU IV. Pars 1. (Bp. 1975) 65-69. („ . . . the genesis of new languages as the result of an amalgamation with other languages, when languages related or not related, reaching the integration limen, would contact each other - this is a mere fiction" 67.); Honti, L., NyK 77(1975) 125-135.; Hajdú, P., NyK 77(1975) 147-152. 6

2 Lás

Zló, Gy., Őstörténetünk. . . 81-103.; Hajdú, P., UAJb 41(1969) 261. 6

3 Brjusov, A. Ja., Ocerki po istorii plemjon evropejskoj casti SSSR v neoliticeskuju epohu. (Moskva 1952) 25-41.; Id., К voprosu о zaselenii Severa evropejskoj casti SSSR v neoliticeskuju epohu. KSIIMK 49(1953) 8-12. 11

4 Indreko, R., Die mittlere Steinzeit in Estland. (Stockholm 1948) 408. Cf. Tret'jakov, P. N., Finno-ugry, baity . . . 23.; Gurina, N. N., op. cit. 17-18.; Fodor, L, Arch.

Ért. 98(1971) 254.