Folia archeologica 17.

Kovács Tibor: A halomsíros kultúra leletei Bagón

FINDS OF THE TUMULUS CULTURE AT BAG In the introduction the author emphasizes that the fundamental mistake of research of the last decade on te Late Bronze Age of Hungary is that it tried to discriminate periods and establish regional units on the basis of stray finds. One of the most important results has been that several researchers hold that Late Bronze Age development in the Carpathian Basin is determined by the history of people belonging to the Tumulus Culture.

2 The settlement unearthed near the Bag Railway Station (figs. 14—15 and 17/2, 5—8) and the stray finds of the cemetery which likely belonged to the settlement (figs. 16, 18). the stray finds of the Bag

—Dutkás drea and of Homokbánya which are two kilometers from the Station are the remains of the Tumulus Culture left by two groups living there at two different times. The finds of the settlement the coexistence of the local population and that of the Tumulus Culture. The dishes with incurved rim my be definitely associated to a local ethnic group (figs. 16/6—7),

25-2

7 as can the vertically ribbed vessel (fig. 17

/5),

4

5~~

4

6 the wart encircled by a groove and rows of dots (tig. 14

/1),

4

7 the v-shaped group of lines with an impressed dot at the end (tig. 14/6),

4

8 the part of a portable hearth (fig. 14/4).

7

8 Other common types of the Tumulus Culture are: dish with a flat rim (fig. 17/2),

2

8 dish decorated with warts drawn from the rim (figs. 14/5 and 15/2),

18-2

2 broken line decoration (figs. 15/6, 8),

5

0 rib formed by fingertip impressions (figs. 15/3, 5, 7)

5

1 and dense oblique fluting (fig. 14/12).

5

2 Some of the vesselforms signify that the cemetery a few hundred meters from the settlement was in use during the first period of the Late Bronze Age : the jug with feet (fig. 18/5),

34-3

5 and the cilindrical-necked vessel (fig. i6/5)

36 39 reached Northern Hungary probably from the cultures (Magyarád, Veterov) preceeding the Tumulus Culture of the Middle Danube district. The conicnecked urn with warts on its shoulder (fig. 19/5),

13-1

6 and the dish with overted rim (tig. 18/8) 23 2

4 have already analogies in the earliest western finds of the Tumulus Culture. The vessel-form used after the first period of the Late Bronze Age was not found among the remains of the settlement or the cemetery. (By the first phase of the Late Bronze Age the author actually means the second half of Reinecke BB, Mozsolics В III, and the first phase of the Late Bronze Age of Bona and Kemenczei.

7

2 In general the relics of the settlement as well as those of the cemetery are a complex of finds of the early Tumulus Culture ; the former finds show chiefly features of local origin while the latter indicate characteristics related to the western territories. The pottery and the bronze finds of Bag

—Dutkás and Bag

—Homokbánya are later than the above mentioned ones. Definite parallels

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2 show that they originate from such parts of the cemetery which were not used before the end of the first period of the Late Bronze Age (figs. 19/4, 6; fig. 20). Finally the author applies his results to the Middle Danubian Basin as a whole and treats the social and economic problems of the Late Bronze Age. He concludes that the history of the Middle Bronze and Early Iron Age is connected by the continuity of a part of the local population. These two periods are separated by the economic basis of the Late Bronze Age which differs from