Folia archeologica 9.

Patay Pál: A neolithikum a bodrogkeresztúri Kutyasoron

The Neolithic Period at Bodrogkeresztúr-Kutyasor 35 kulturális törés nélkül a tiszapolgári kultúrával jellemzett korai rézkor. Figyelemreméltó az is, hogy éppen a tiszai kultúra ezen késői lelőhelyén tűnik fel az alföldi vonaldíszes kerámia (Tompa által tévesen protobiikkinek nevezett) emlékanyaga is. Ha tehát a kutyasori ásatás nem is érte el kitűzött célját, a bodrogkeresztúri kultúra telepének létezését nem igazolta be, mégis hozzájárult a tiszai kultúra egyes részletkérdésének tisztázásához. Egyben helyreigazított egy nem megfelelően kiértékelt stratigráfiai megfigyelésen alapuló, a szakirodalomban viszont meggyökeresedett téves megállapítást az újabb kőkor és rézkor egymáshoz való viszonyát illetően. Patay Pál The Neolithic Period at Bodrogkeresztúr—Kutyasor Thirty years ago, in 1926 F. Tompa wrote the first systematic work on the Neolithic period in Hungary as the result of the excavation carried out on the territory near to the so-called „Kutyasor" in the vicinity of Bodrogkeresztúr. He undertook also an excavation on the same site in 1935. At this time he observed the same phenomena anil found similar finds as at the first excavation. In 1951 I myself also carried out an excavation on the site in question , about 100 m eastwards of the area unearthed by Tompa. I uncovered altogether 85.5 sq. m. Though I found similar finds as Tompa described, my observations differ somewhat from his. Thus the cultural layer reached here only 90 cm, instead of 180 and 200 respectively. Within this layer I could only distinguish two ones, instead of three, i. e. an upper layer with Sarmatian and mediaeval finds, and a lower one with neolithic finds. Briefly summerised the observed phenomena and the finds were the following : First layer, 0—20 cm. Mediaeval and Sarmatian potsherds. Sporadically some neolithic fragments, among others the fragment of a sieve-vessel (PI. I, no. 1). 20—50 cm. Chiefly Sarmatian pottery with a few mediaeval and neolithic potsherds. Among the latter there are worth mentioning the fragments of a pedestalled bowl and those of a vessel imitating in shape and in ornamentation the plaited vessels (Pl. I, nos. 2—4). 50—75 cm. Neolithic finds. The pottery wares bear the characteristics of the Tisza culture (Pl. I, nos. 5—9). More significant finds are : a fire-dog, a bone awl (Pl. Ill, no. 15) and an animal figure (Pl. IV, nos. 1—3). 75—90 cm. Similar neolithic finds. Potsherds characteristic of the Tisza culture (Pl. I, nos. 10—12), the fragment of a polished stone axe (Pl. Ill, no. 10), flint and obsidian blades (Pl. Ill, nos. 7—8) and the fragment of a vessel ornamented with a line of warts (Pl. IV, no. 7) were found. Pits A-D, as well as those marked with F and G dug into the pit E belonged to the Middle Ages and to the Sarmatian period. Pit E. It was not quite uncovered. Probably its grouncl-plan might have been angular, its walls vertical and its bottom slightly tub-shaped. In it a layer, 5—10 cm thick of Unio shells was encountered. It contained potsherds 3*