Folia archeologica 6. (1949)

KOREK JÓZSEF: A ZENTA-BÁTKAI RÉZKORI TEMETŐ ÉS AENEOLITIKUS TELEP

SO аж. K

ÖREK: THE CEMETERY OF THE COPPER AGE AND THE NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT -Milkjug shaped vessel, incomplete (Pl. XVI, fig. 19). — Bottle-shaped vessel with two round and two longish pierced lugs (Pl. XVI, fig. 12). — 4. Bowl with convex bottom, well executed, grey in colour (Pl. XVI, fig. 15). — 5. Bowl similar in form and in execution to the former ЧР1. XVI, fig. 14). — 6. Bowl with convex bottom (Pl. XVI, fig. 13). — 7. Cask-shaped pot (Pl. XVI, fig. 18) with four warts and with a. twofold incised decoration running in triangles under the rim. There are two vessels from Bátka in the collection of the town hall at Zenta: 1. Hemi;special pot with a small handle (Pl. XVI, fig. 20) presented by Gy. Dudás. — 2. Two-handled coarse pot (Pl. XVI, fig. 16) presented by 4Drbán Stepán Molnár in 1896. The cemetery of the Copper Age at Bátka, fitted in the Copper Age of Hungary, has yielded not only data for the expansion of the culture but it also raises some problems. Its significance is increased by the fact that in the territory of Bácska apart from a milk-jug shaped vessel, deriving from an unknown site, and preserved in the Museum of Zombor, and from some implements of the Copper Age, Bátka is the first site from where authentic relics of this culture are known. If the pot from the unknown site had not come to light from the southern part of the country, then these vessels together with the specimens from Csóka,

4 or better to say, this cemetery indicates the southern extremity of the expansion of the culture. The finds from Csóka do not derive from an authentic excavation, and thus it is understandable that the same material, which can be well distinguished from each other by keeping •separately the pits and graves of Bátka, in the •aforementioned work of Vulic and Grbic, they are mentioned as the style of the Aeneolithic Period A.s This separation would already have been allowed by the aeneolithic grave-finds with contracted skeletons, and well dated, doming to light at Szerbkeresztur, where the •characteristic forms of the Bodrogkeresztur 'culture never appear. 6 4 Corpus Vasorum Antiq\-orum. Jugoslavie. Faso ^ И 13: 4—8, 10; Pl. 15: 1—5, 7. 5 Ibid. p. 4. Ibid. Pis. 16—17. At Csóka — if the material which has not derived from excavations were grave-goods — the conditions may be the same as on the Kotacpart at Hódmezővásárhely, in relation to the Hungarian territory,

7 where the twè cemeteries of different styles where not even 100 m. distant from each other. The skeletons of the graves disclosed so far — as everywhere of this period — were interred contracted to various degrees. Their positions differ from the graves of thè cemeteries át Pusztaistvánháza

8 and Szentás Kistőke,

9 where the skeleteons lay east-west. The skeletons of Bátka lying north-west and southeast rather agree with the direction of those of the cemetery unearthed on the Vatta farm at Hódmezővásárhely.

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0 Here the male skeletons were not laid on their right and the female ones on their left side as it was observed in the cemeteries referred to. At Bátka all the skeletons, without exception, lay on their right side. Not even the grave-goods revealed thfe sexes of the -skeletons. The pottery ;of the cemetery might be considered to be moderately fine. If there were oifê or two vessels in the grave, they were about the head; if they furnished the dead with foui* vessels then three were about the head and ffiè fourth, which was by all means of the largest size, lay near the pelvis. The chief type of the pottery of the Copper Age, the milk-jug shaped vessel with two small handles occurred in grave 2 (Pl. XV, fig. 9) anâ in grave 9 (Pl. XV, fig. 11), but we can findet in two specimens also among the finds from Bátka preserved in the collection of the grammar school (Pl. XVI, figs. 17, 19). It is at homfe in the whole area where the culture of the Copper Age is spread. 7 J. Banner: Hódmezővásárhely története a legrégibb időktől a bronzkor kialakulásáig. (The History of Hódmezővásárhely from the most Ancient Times to the Development Of the Bronze Age). Pl. С (Aeneolithic Period) and Pis. CXXIX—CXXXI (Bodrogkeresztur Culture). s J. Hillebrand: A pusztaistvánházai kora rézkor! temető. (The Cemetery of the Early Copper Age at Pusztaistvánháza) Arch. Hung. IV, pp. 26—27. » E. Zalotay: A Szontes-kistőkei rézkori temetß, (The Cemetery of the Copper Age at Szentes-Kistoke). Dolgozatok, 1933—34, p. 86. io -Banner, op. -eit. -p

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