Folia archeologica 6. (1949)

KOREK JÓZSEF: A ZENTA-BÁTKAI RÉZKORI TEMETŐ ÉS AENEOLITIKUS TELEP

33 ÍM, KÖRÖK: THE CEMETERY OF THE COPPER AGE AND THE NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT Ш The other form of vessel of the Copper Age pottery, generally spread, is the hemisperical bowl with convex bottom, showing great variety in the formation of the handle, it occurs also without a handle and wart as in -graves 8 (Pl.XV, fig. 4) and 9 (Pl.XVI, fig. 9) as well as in the material of the grammar school of Zenta <PI. XVI, figs. 13—15). In graves 2 (

Pl. XV, fig. 2) and 8 (Pl. XVI, fig. 10) it occurs with handles starting from the rim, or with warts in vertical direction in grave 9 (PL XV, fig. 1), but often with pierced lugs on the sides as in graves 8 and 15 (Pl. XV, figs. 7, 6). llie pot decorated with seven warts in |£rave 1 (PI. XVI, fig. 8) and the flower-pot shaped vesjel provided with warts in grave 9 are uIeo widely spread. The analogies of the vessels mentioned here are so well known that it is sufficient only to refer to the fairly great Hungarian literature. In the pottery of the cemetery the vessel of grave 8 deserves the greatest attention (Pl. XV, fig. 10). -It enriched the decorative elements oi the Copper Age culture with modified decorative motive. The facsimile cf this form of vessel was found at Szentes K.scoke, imperfectly executed.

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1 But it can net be determined to which grave it Ьзîonged as the report was not made according to the graves. The recent publication, dealing with the material of the cemetery in details, according to the graves, has net even mentioned this pot end has not published its illustrations.

12 It seems probable that the vessel even in case it was found in the area of the cemetery, it was not grave-goods. The decoration with vertical ïibs appears on a vessel from Jászladány for the first timeis — in succession of the exavations. Undoubtedly wê do not encounter it here for the first time. In the aeneolithic settlement, unearthed on the Bodzáspart at Hódmezővásárhely, which was disturbed only by thé Péczel culture, the upper pouched part of a pedestalbowl with a neck had already occurred. On 1

1 Zalotay op. cit. P1-. XX, fig. 4. 1

2 P. Patay: Szentes vidéki rézikori temetők. {Cemeteries of the Copper Age in the district of Szentes). Arch. Ért. 1943, pp. 26—44, PLs. I

—IV. 1

3 P. Patay: Réakori temető leletei Jászladányfeől: (Finds from the Cemetery of the Copper Age at Jászladány). Arch. Ért. 1944—45, pp. 1—10, Pis. ΗVJH. See Pl, Vin, fig. 1. two sides of its belly was also an ornamentation of four slanting ribs.

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4 The Bodrogkeresztur culture might have inherited it from here in order to hand it on to the Bronze Age. The form of the fragmentary copper knife in grave 1 (Pl. XVI, fig. 3) is similar — among others — to the knife found in grave 28 of the cemetery at Pusztaistvánháza.

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5 Together with the cemetery a settlement was also discovered, but there occured only pits. The lumps of mud-plaster with reed impressions from pit 1 prove that the house building technique of the Tisza culture survived on this settlement too.

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6 The two vessels (Pl. XV, figs. 3, 8) coming to light from pit 1 and the third specimen from pit 2 (Pï. XVI, fig. 11) with their fine execution and tiny warts show a real aeneolithic form. Similar specimens were found — among others — in the aeneolithic cemeteries in the region of the Maros.

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7 Even from these facts the conclusion could be drawn that on the disclosed part of the settlement the life was estinguished long ago, when the first grave of the cemetery was dug. And if this would not be sufficient then pit 3 could render a still better evidence, from which poor material the fragment of a pot-he 1 der (Pl. XVI, fig. 6) is worth mentioning. The pot-holder is made so that on the inside of it is also set a wart a little lower than on the outside. Its way of use is the same as that of the specimens from Kisrétpart.is The aeneolithic origin of this form is also not doubtful. The cemetery of Bátka can be assigned to the beninhing of the Copper Age in chrono logical order. The fact seems to contradict this, that in the cemetery of Jászladány — the pot ornamented with ribs is also to be found — and the copper adze-a::e, of which two blades are at right angles to one another, appears as " Banner, op. cit. Pl. CHI, fig. 9. is J. Hillebrand, op. cit. Pl. IV, fig. 5. ie j. Banner: Az új,abb kőkori lakóház kutatás mai állása Magyarországon. (The Precent Situation of the Exploration oi Dwellings of the Late Srcoe Age in Hungary). Arch. Ért. 1941, pp. 1—14. 1

7 Fojtiny István: Koraréz- és bronzkori temető Deszken. (Cemeteries of the Early Copper and Bronze tge at Deszk.) Fol. Arch. III—IV. Pl. II. 9., 14. is K. Szabó: A kecskeméti Múzeum ásatásai. (The Excavations of the Kecskemét Museum). Areh-. Ért 1031, pp. 124—125, fig. 28.