Folia archeologica 1-2.

Banner János: Bádeni sírok hódmezővásárhelyen, a Bodzásparton

21 BANNER: GRAVES OF THE «BADEN» CULTURE AT HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY the zig-zag line running just below the rim. The height is 6-8 cm, their widths 15 cm and 15-5 cm, their bases 5 cm and 5-5 cm respectively. The distance between the exterior sides of the. two bowls is 30 cm. j) High-handled pot. (Pl. I, fig. 5) Its handle is missing. Its lower part is an inverted truncated cone, of which the base joins the cylinderical neck in a curve. The neck is slightly concave. Around it just below the rim run two lines of dots. At the bottom of the neck where the convex part begins two other lines of dots, which continue vertically downwards from each side of the handle and then about the middle of the truncated cone run horizontally again, so that they together with the other lines enclose an oblong underrated field. The pot is 11*3 cm high, 12 cm wide at the top and 13'5 at the belly and the base is 5-5 cm wide. All the vessels mentioned above are remarkably carefully executed. Their texture is well cleaned and the firing is good. The colour, where not mentioned otherwise, is the same as that of bowl a). On Pl. I, figs. 22—31 are shown those decorative elements which were employed partly on the aforementioned bowls and partly occurred on the fragments found in the grave. On Pap's property we found four graves, three of which contained only a skeleton in contracted posture without any grave-goods. Knowing the burial rites of the «Körös» culture it seems probable that these skeletons belong to that culture. This is proved by the great quantity of fragments, which came to light from the environs of the graves as well as in general from all the trenches. Unfortunately we noticed the grave of the «Baden» culture late, as had not attracted notice being in the «Körös» culture layer, thus we were unable to make a photograph of it. But our observation is perfectly creditable. GRAVE 2 was 110 cm deep. The skeleton of a child, lying on its right side and orientating from north to south, was in a strictly contracted posture with flexed arms. Its total length was 132 cm and in contracted posture 90 cm. Behind its back were four jugs and in front of its belly was a bowl and another before its chest. All of them were in inverted position. The grave-goods were the following: a) Jug-shaped one-handled pot (Pl. I, fig. 11) with long cylindrical neck, slightly concave towards the rim, but not everted. The funnel-like neck joins the sharply convex belly. The lower part is an inverted truncated cone. The base is flattened. On the surface of the pot from the neck to the base are deep flutings, nearly always in vertical direction. On one side threefour lines run together in an angle. On the neck there are also some polished (eingeglättet) lines. The jug was provided with one handle which started from the shoulder and in a curve rose high above the rim. It was missing. It was only attached to the side of thq pot from the outside, as on the interior surface there was not any trace of the impression, as is to be seen in the Early Bronze Age. The flutings were continued on one part of the handle too. It is light and dark-gray in colour with yellowish patches here and there. It measures 16 cm in height, 9-5 cm in width, 16 cm at the belly and 7 cm at the base. b) Jug-shaped small pot, (Pl. I, fig. 16) of which the structure resembles the former, but of which the measurements and proportions are quite different. The flutings on its lower part are as deep as those on the former pot, but these lines are not parallel and so in two places meet in angles. Because of these angles and of the measurements the decoration offers quite a different picture. The slight impressions on the neck run horizontally. The rim is more everted. The handle rises sharply. The base is roughly pressed in. Its colour is the same as that of the former. It measures 6-3 cm in height, ФЗ cm in width, 6'1 cm at the belly and the hollow at the base is 1 cm in diameter. c) Identical specimen with pot b) (Pl. I, fig. 14), but its colour is yellow. The upper part of the angle, being at the meeting point of the flutings, is filled with horizontal lines. It is 6-3 cm high, 4'4 cm wide, 5-3 cm at its belly and the hollow at its base is 1-5 cm in diameter. d) Similar specimen to pots b) and c), (Pl. I, fig. 12) but differs in its proportions. Its neck is much longer, and its lower part more clumsy. The flutings are irregularly employed on the convex surface and the slight impressions on the neck do not follow a decided direction. Its colour is very mottled. One of its parts resembles pot a) and the other, pot c). Its base is pressed in at the middle. It measures 6-7 cm in height, 4-2 cm in width, 6*5 cm at the belly and the hollow at the base is 2 cm, but the flattened base 3-5 cm. e) Bowl without lug (Pl. I, fig. 13), of which the lower part is a truncated cone, from which the definitely shaped base strongly protrudes. A slight convexity is followed by a somewhat concave cylindrical neck and a slightly everted mouth. It is black and dark-gray in colour. It is 8-5 cm high, 20 cm wide and 6-3 cm at the base. The aforementioned specimens were all carefully executed, their texture well cleaned and the firing good. f) Deep bowl (Pl. I, fig. 15), with two lugs, which differs greatly from the so far mentioned specimens as regards the shape as well as the remarkable coarseness of its execution. From its lower part which is a truncated cone a coarsely shaped base protrudes. The base of the truncated cone meets in a curve at the junction with the upper part, forming a convexity. The neck is slightly concave and the rim is everted, but hardly noticable. On two places of the rim opposite to each other are two semi-circular protruberances. Underneath each of these is a perforation. These are the lugs. Its colour is yellowish-grey in several shades. It measures 10-2 cm in height, 12 cmXl3 cm in width, 13-5 cm at the belly and 7-2 cm at the base.