Folia archeologica 1-2.
Banner János: Bádeni sírok hódmezővásárhelyen, a Bodzásparton
22 BANNER: GRAVES OF THE «BADEN» CULTURE AT HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY GRAVE 3 is on Banga's land. It was at the bottom of an irregularly oval pit 190 cm deep and 290 cm X 150 cm in diameter. There came to light in the pit together with the sherds of the «Baden» culture a pot with flutings, which was already known from the grave on Pap's farm. (cf. Pl. I, fig. 11). The skeleton was scarcely contracted. Its total length was 160 cm and in contracted posture 132 cm. That it really follows the rites of the contracted burial is shown by the fact that it definitely lay on its right side. Beside the fragments of the skull only some bones remained from the upper body, but in bad condition. The legs were fairly well preserved and their position also demonstrate the contracted posture, though the lower leg was scarcely flexed. The skeleton lay at the bottom of the pit. Its direction was north-east and south-west with the head to south-west. To the skeleton belong some vessels and sherds. That these are grave-goods is proved by the fact that except in the lower part of the pit were no fragments whatever and all were on the same level as the skeleton. All the grave-goods had been put into the grave in broken state and even the parts belonging to each other were not immediately close to each other. About the middle of the thigh, but not quite close to it were scattered a decorated potsherd and fragments of three handles of vessels (PL. 1, figs. 17, 20 21). Before the face, but somewhat distant from it were the fragments of a small bowl, and further another sherd. These all belonged to one bowl, as determined after the completion of the exploration (Pl. I, fig. 18). Before the face, but much further from it lay the fragments of a large bowl (Pl. I, fig• 19). It is clear that the sherds had here the same role as those found in grave 2 on Balogh's land. When they were put into the grave they were not suitable for holding food. a) Fragment of a grooved handle of vessel (PL I, fig. 17), 7 cm broad. The middle is ornamented with a line of incised dots, parallel to the rim. b) Fragment of a handle of a vessel, 5-5 cm broad (Pl. I, fig. 20). At one place there is one line of dots and somewhat lower there are two more parallel to the rim of the sometime vessel. c) Fragment of a handle of vessel, 5 cm broad (Pl. I, fig. 21). It is similar to the former, only on both places run two lines of dots. The two former are blackish-grey and the latter reddisch. d) Bowl (Pl. I, fig. 18). Similar form to bowl h) of grave 2 with two-lined ornamentation. The rim is broken up by incisions. Its two-peaked lug is not perforated. Its colour is reddish in some places and blackish-grey in others. The bowl is 10 cm high, 18 cm wide and its definitely formed base is 7-5 cm. e) Bowl (Pl. I, fig. 19) of a known form. It is decorated just below the rim with one line of dots and at the height of the lug with three lines of dots. As it is a fragmentary specimen there is only one lug, but it may be, that it was not provided with more. The lug is not pierced. It is reddish-grey in colour. The bowl is 11-5 cm in height, 32-5 cm in width. The base not measurable. As can be determined from the sporadical occurance of the graves, there seems to have been no special cemetery in this culture, just as in the «Körös» culture. The dead buried on the settelment, near the hearth or in the pit of refuse in contracted posture with grave-goods. The vessels or their fragments had not contained any remains of food. Besides these similar characteristics, however great differences can be observed. Even the direction of the skeletons differs. There is still greater differences in the forms of vessels. Compairing the grave-goods from the three graves we find the difference to be striking. In graves 1 and 3 almost exclusively are represented those types which — according to our present knowledge — are not spread further than the present north and west boundary of Hungary. The evolution of these forms could only have taken place here, though it is undeniable that there are forms which remind us of these. 5 In grave 2 those forms predominate which occur also on the area on our north, south and west. 6 As in the graves the bipartite bowls did not occur, we do not wish to deal with them here. We find* them northwards at least as far as the Carpathians and westwards on Austrian territory as well. 7 That at our site, also after the entire development, the question of there being two kinds of culture elements mixed, is scarcely disputable. The one is that generally spread in the north, decorated with flutings, which according to literature, 8 occurs or at least had influence in every part of Czechoslovakia, in Austria, in Jugoslavia, in Hungary and even on the territory of Silezia. 9 It is represented in grave 2. The other is the series of forms which occur in Hungary or at least on the Great Plain 10 almost in every site, and on the evolution of which the well known aeneolithic material 11 might also have had a great influence, as can be determined from the lugs and from the most frequently employed ornamentation,. I have already had opportunity of drawing attention to this fact. 1 2 It is represented in graves 1 and 3. The fact that in the three graves described here, the aforementioned two kinds of elements appear quite separately, does not entitle us to make far-reaching conculsions, as in the immediate neighbourhood, if not in the graves them-
