Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1989. 19/3. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 19)
Abkarovits, Endre: Contradictions in Describing and Using the -ing Form as Object. (Complement)
_ 7 participial phrase became an independent unit (comprising the object) just like the construction 'possessive + gerund'. In 'I remember my grandfather / him giving me a sovereign.' there used to be some longer pause between the object and the -in g form, but after the shift of the stress the pause comes before the object, to such an extent that in his opinion the whole phrase (object + -jn g form) can be regarded as the object of the centence. The link between the accusative and the -in g form is still less close than that between the possessive and the gerund, as we can insert a whole clause between the former ones sometimes, while only the insertion of an adverb is possible between the latter two. Ihm's final conclusion is that we have a gerund after the possessive / genitive and a participle after the accusative, and claims that the identity of the meaning and the fact that they are often interchangeable are not a good enough reason to exclude their formal difference (the difference of their origin). We generally expect an object to occur after a transitive verb. Among the verbs to be found in the various lists there are however several that are not considered to be transitive by ail authors. Ganshina says that the function of the non- finite is not that of an object, but '... part of a compound verbal predicat e associated with the finite form of verbs denoting the beginning , the duratio n, and the en d of an action such as to begin, to start, to keep (on), to continue, to stop, to leave off, to give up ,to have don e (= to finish).' (Ganshina: 227) Kee p is considered to be transitive in 10, but intransitive in Hornby's dictionary. In CGEL go ( on ) and keep (on) are classified as 'catenative' verbs, which 'iiave meanings related to aspect and modality but are nearer to main verb constructions, than are semi-auxiliaries.' (CGEL: 1192) In GPUE the -in g form after these verbs is called participle (42). The problems of calling an -in g form a gerund or a participle, and whether its function is that of an object or not, are sometimes closely connected. Authors who suppose that 'go on' is intransitive, think that the -in g form after it cannot be an object and it is not a gerund consequently. Others think that the verb has developed into a transitive verb or behaves like that by analogy, so the -ing form following it is a
