Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1989. 19/3. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 19)

Abkarovits, Endre: Contradictions in Describing and Using the -ing Form as Object. (Complement)

- e gerund functioning as an object. Zandvoort writes: 'yet the affinity of He wen

t on l

augh

ing with the other combinations (keep /on/, continue) is obvious. In such cases the difficulty of distinction is in inverse proportion to its relevance or reality. Some of the difficulties dealt with above are caused by the fact that, though in the majority of the cases verbal forms in -in

g naturally fall into one of two clearly marked categories, their formal identity has favoured the development of certain uses that do not easily fit into either.' (Zandvoort: 4?) Object 4- p

resent participle The agreement about the verbs after which we can use this construction is far greater among the authors than in the case of the gerund. One of the most complete lists is in CGEL

: verbs of perception: f

ee

l (1), hea

r (1), notic

e (1), observ

e (1), overhea

r (1), perceive, se

e (1), sme

ll

, spot, spy

, watc

h (1) verbs of encounter

: catch, d

iscover, find, leave verbs of coercive meaning: have, get (/I/ means that bare infinitive is also possible.) Further examples from other books: star

t, set, keep (LES), sense (ÁEP), g

limpse, take, sen

d (Sch), bring, depict, dra

w, p

aint, sno

w (GPUE) Quirk et alias claim that no

tice and obs

erve can also accept the genitive (GCE

: 842), and fee

l, find

, lea

ve are used in the object + to be construction, too. I shall mention hav

e later on in connection with the gerund table. ihere is some uncertainty about describing imagine.. Hornby labels it with the patterns 19A (obj. + pres. participle) and 19L (poss./acc. + gerund), Alien also has it in the list of the participle. A table of ve

rb

s that .c

an b

e foll

owe

d by the g

er

und. The following table has been compiled on the basis of ten different books. It contains verbs that are followed either by o subjectless gerund or a gerund with its own (logical) subject. The possible use of an infinitive is also indicated. The table does not contain phrasal or prepositional verbs, When followed irrmediately by a verbal, we usually have to use a gerund after these. (But not always: e.g. no on, sjet out. star

t out

, etc.) The three dictionaries group the verbs around certain patterns and label them with the grammatical codes of all possible