Kenyeres István (szerk.): Urbs. Magyar Várostörténeti Évkönyv XVI. - Urbs 16. (Budapest, 2022)
Abstracts
Abstracts 477 as the Pressburger Weingärtnerverein, and from 1874 it operated as a cooperative until 1945 (also known as the Pressburger Weingärtner Kellerverein). It cooperated closely with other wine associations in Pozsony County (Bazin, Szentgyörgy, Modor; the Bratislava County Economic Association) and at national level (National Association of Vine-Growers). It was one of the initiators and supporters of the Pozsony winery school, founded in 1884, which became famous in the country, from 1901 as the Royal Hungarian Winery and Horticulture School of Pozsony. It played a major role in the fight against phylloxera. In Pozsony, it maintained two wine houses and was actively involved in social and cultural life (wine and grape exhibitions, balls). The planned study, based on Hungarian and German press and the collection of the Archives of the Capital City of Bratislava, aims to explore the history of the association (discussing the officials and the financial situation, as well as the “wine debate” of 1902), and to present the role of the association in the wine trade of Pozsony in the second half of the 19th century, in view of the available sources. Mónika Pilkhoffer From Press House to Holiday Home The Influence of the Phylloxera on the Architecture of Mecsekoldal in Pécs Viticulture and wine trade played an extremely important role in the history of Pécs until the turn of the century. The vineyard, which provided its owner with a considerable income, was not only one of the foundations of the city’s economic life, but also a source of social prestige. The importance of the grape in the life of Pécs is also indicated by the term take (meaning a native from Pécs), which derives from the word tőke (grapevine): one was not considered a real Pécs citizen if he did not own a vineyard. As a result, many press houses were built on the gentle southern slopes of the Mecsek. Press houses built for storing tools and barrels usually had an upper floor with a room for the owner to stay. The main south-facing fapades were characterised by a wooden veranda or terrace with a fretwork ornamentation. The study examines the change of function in the construction of press houses because of the phylloxera, using several examples. The root louse phylloxera, which appeared in the mid-1870s and almost completely destroyed the vineyards of Pécs, did not lead to a decline in the construction of buildings in the vineyards of Mecsek. Not only were existing buildings extended and converted, but new ones were also built. In the construction documents, however, these were no longer called press houses, but summer residences, summer cottages, villas, and were primarily designed for recreation. These villas in Mecsek were perfectly suited to the holiday habits of the period, since the entrepreneur, whose work kept him close to the town, could ride out to his
