Urbs - Magyar várostörténeti évkönyv 6. (Budapest, 2011)
Recenziók
408 Abstracts transformed the spatial system of the city. Several major enterprises, some which have since established international reputations, grew up at this time. Particularly notable were the Zsolnay factory, the Littke pezsgő (champagne) works, the Hamerli glove factory, the Höher leather works and the Angster organ works. The expanding coal-mining operations of the Danube Steam Navigation Company to the east and north of the city also had substantial longterm effects. Industrialisation undermined the town’s traditional spatial system, which was chiefly based on artisan industry. Extensive areas were required to build the great factories and accommodate their workers, causing the town to expand in several directions. Three new industrial areas grew up around the centre of the city. The eastern suburb of Buda became dominated by pottery, milling, textiles and mining; the southern district of Siklós by food, leather and timber; and Sziget, to the west, by milling and brewing. New industrial sites required new workers’ colonies, indeed whole new residential districts. The companies which brought in large numbers of external workers (such as DGT and Zsolnay) were instrumental in this process. These new districts gradually built up as the population increased. In the meantime, the city centre, having long retained its artisan base, gradually became a centre of administration, education, commerce and tourism. JUDIT VALLÓ The bachelor flat - the cell of modem living. Budapest garzons and their tenants from the end of the 19th century up to the 1940s The garzon or one-roomed flat was the most common type of dwelling in the bérház, the characteristic block of flats built throughout central Budapest in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Housing statistics and housing-history investigations show that this type of small flat first appeared on the Budapest housing market at the end of the 19th century, initially in very small numbers. Consisting basically of a hall, living room, bathroom and occasionally a kitchenette, the garzon accounted for a steadily rising proportion of dwellings from the late 1920s until the end of the 1930s.
