Urbs - Magyar Várostörténeti Évkönyv 12. (Budapest, 2017)
Recenziók
426 Abstracts in Técső 10%, in Hosszúmező 3% and in Sziget 16%. The salt trade became free in the first half of the 16th century. Subsequently, the proportion of those living from trade was between 8—25% in the urban society, although some of them had a share in other sectors as well. In 1600, the proportion of the boatmen who were shipping salt was 1% in Hosszúmező and 5% in Sziget; during the middle ages their number was much higher. The carriers, craftsmen in certain trades and the suppliers of the products necessary for mining (agricultural produce, industrial articles, animals) could benefit from the orders from the mine and the salt traders. The study arrives at the conclusion that the inhabitants of these settlements mainly lived from the usual jobs as peasants, craftsmen and traders and the jobs connected with salt did not play a crucial role in their livelihood. The charters received by different social groups or individuals usually did not refer to services related to the royal salt industry but at the same time, the subject of the charters is in connection with the salt trade carried on by locals. The salt industry had a huge impact on the socage of the local serfs, because the landowner required their service mainly in the salt industry. Several serfs gained better status thanks to the salt; to begin with, the legal status of salt miners was different. Finally, the local church institutions benefited from the nearby salt mines: they received different privileges, which gave them the right to get a certain amount of salt. Mónika Pilkhoffer The effect of coal-mining on the Pécs urban structure (1852-1945) The lecture aims at presenting the activity of the Danube Steamship Company (Dun- agőzhajózási Társaság), which created the modem coal-mining in the Pécs coal-basin, and how mining affected the urban development and especially its influence on the urban structure and cityscape. By way of introduction, I would like to shortly outline the effects of the DGT’s activity on the industrial development: the building of the first railway line of the city (1857, Pécs-Mohács) and supplying the city with cheap energy resource. On the one hand, it stimulated new industrial investments, on the other, the industry ceased to depend on the energy of the stream Tettye, it was not subject to its proximity and water output any more. Furthermore, the DGT had a direct impact on urban development, through the arrival and settlement of the population working in the mine and in the new factories. In Pécs, the number of people making their living from mining was 19 times more than the average of the municipal cities. Since most of the workers arrived from the western part of the Habsburg Empire, the mining played a significant role in the alteration of the city’s ethnic composition as well. The main focus of the lecture is the construction boom, connected with the DGT’s activity, which was accompanied with urban sprawl. Due to the building of colonies, small independent quarters were formed in the eastern peripheral area of Pécs (Pécs-
