Csepely-Knorr Luca: Barren Places to Public Spaces. A History of Publick Park Design in Budapest 1867-1914 (Budapest, 2016)
Appendix
Biographies André, Édouard François (1840-1911): French landscape architect, theorist. André worked with Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand on the layouts of the parks of Paris during their reconstruction, and was a follower of his style. After designing Sefton Park in Liverpool ( 1867-1872), the French park style started to spread abroad, giving his oeuvre international importance. His handbook, L'Art des Jardins, published in 1879, discussed the ways of adapting the stylistic principles of English landscape gardens to public parks, and it soon became a seminal publication. André was lecturing at the École Nationale d’Horticulture de Versailles as well. His extensive international practice also reached Hungary, where he designed the gardens of Füzérradvány. After his retirement, his practice was taken over by his son, René André, whom the Hungarian architect Béla Rerrich worked with during his study trip abroad. See: André-Olivier 2008; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999; 14-15. Barry, Sir Charles (1795-1860): English architect and garden designer. He was knighted in 1852 on the completion of the Houses of Parliament. He was a pioneer architect of country houses and clubs and their gardens in the Italianate Renaissance-revival style. The first of his plans in this style was Trentham Gardens. His ‘Italian Garden style’ became decisive in the 1850s, and prevailed until the end of the century. Among his major designs one can mention the gardens of Harewood House, Cliveden and Shrubland Park, where he used representative elements of Italianate gardens: terraces, fountains and balustrades. See: Richter, 1970; Elliott, Brent Dr: Barry, Sir Charles. In: Taylor 2006,37. Fuchs, Emil ( 1830-1896) : Hungarian gardener, garden designer. He gained his professional expertise in country house gardens, and later became Head Gardener of Városliget Park. The flower beds in the so-called Rondo in Városliget Park were laid out according to his plans, when he was Head Gardener for the municipality of Budapest. He designed the garden of the National Museum together with Armin Pecz Sr, and they started the first layouts of Népliget Park together as well. Fuchs created a nursery in Népliget Park in 1870, and the planting of the new park was started with plants from this in 1890. See: Kiácz 1967,151.; Für-Pintér 1987,589-591.; Sisa2007, 124. Hein, János (Johann) (1866-1935): German-bom Hungarian landscape gardener. He was bom in Hamburg and arrived to Hungary after finishing his studies in 1893. He founded his own company soon after, and during his career he designed more than 250 gardens. His designs were created in revivalist styles, but at the beginning of the 20th century his plans showed signs of the influence of art nouveau as well. Most of his designs were country house gardens, but he also created layouts for public institutions, such as gardens of baths or public parks. He designed, among others, the public parks in Szombathely and Nyíregyháza. See: Hein 1912;Alföldy 1998; Alföldy Gábor: Hein, János. In: Taylor R 2006,214.; Sisa2007, 126. Hirschfeld, Christian Cay Lorenz (1742-1792): the most well-known theorist of garden art and landscape gardening at the turn of the 19th century. Hirschfeld was bom in Kirchnüchel and studied theology at the University of Halle. From 1770 he taught philosophy and theology at the Christian- Albrechts University in Kiel, where he became director of the Königlich Dänische Fruchtbaumschule. His book, Theorie der Gartenkunst, was published in German and French at the same time, and its influence was important on the garden design of France, the Netherlands, Italy and Hungary. See: Parshall 2001; Meyer, Margarita Marion dr: Hirschfeld, Christian Cay Lorenz. In: Taylor 2006,222. Hybler, Wenzel (1847-1920): gardener, bom in Bohemia. He was the Head of the Municipal Gardening Office of Vienna after Gustav Sennholz. During the period of his leadership, major projects such as the promenade next to the river Wien and the second phase of the Türkenschanzpark between 1908 and 1910, were realised. Hybler worked on the creation of the Wald-und Wiesengürtel as well as on the plans of the green spaces of the Gürtel. See: Loidl-Reisch 2007,104.; Auböck-Ruland 1994,236. Ilsemann, Keresztély (Hans Christian) (1850-1912): German-bom Hungarian landscape gardener, horticulturist and author. He was born in Kiel and later studied and worked on Prince Herman von Pückler Muskau’s estate in Muskau, most probably under the direction of Eduard Petzold. He moved to Hungary in 1873, and became Head Gardener of the College of Economy in Magyaróvár, where he engaged in fruit production and nursery establishment. He led the Municipal Gardening Office in Budapest between 1892 and 1912. His main designs were the green spaces of Szabadság Square, Döbrentei Square, the redesign of Városliget Park, the creation of Népliget Park and Budapest Zoo. He was secretary of the Hungarian National Association of Horticulture, organizer of the international horticultural exhibitions in 1902 and 1910 in Budapest, and editor in chief of the journal Kertészeti Lapok. See: Anon 1905B; Anon 1912; Ilsemann Keresztély. In: Für-Pintér 1987, 2. k. 12-15.; Sisa 1997, Sisa 2007,125. Lenné, Peter Joseph ( 1789-1866): German landscape gardener. Lenné was bom in Bonn; his father was Head Gardener in Brühl. During his study tour he visited South Germany, Italy, Austria, France and England. In Paris he worked for Gabriel Thouin, and the geometrical style of his master had an important influence on Lenné. In 1814 he was working in Vienna and took part in the design ofthe Laxenburg Park. He became garden director in Potsdam in 1822, and in 1845 he was promoted to be Prussian Garden Director- General. From 1824 he was first director of the Gardening Academy, the so-called Gärtnerlehranstalt. During the 50 years of his career he redesigned the majority of the Prussian gardens, and his influence is undoubtable in the whole German-speaking part of Europe. One of his most well-known designs is the Embellishment plan for Potsdam and its surroundings, where he merged several country house gardens and natural landscapes into one designed landscape. He designed several public parks in Magdeburg, Frankfurt and Dresden. His work had special importance in the urban development of Berlin as well. See: Günther 1985 Loudon, John Claudius (1782-1843): Scottish horticulturist, landscape gardener and author. He was born in Edinburgh, and moved to London in 1803, where he started to publish on various aspects of his profession. His name is best known because of his theoretical writings. He travelled extensively in Europe, and published the first edition of Encyclopaedia of Gardening after that in 1822. The Encyclopaedia of Agriculture was published in 1825, and the Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm and Villa Architecture in 1833. He started the journal Gardener’s Magazine in 1826, where he also frequently published his writings. The Derby Arboretum was built according to his plans; it was planned to realise his ideas on public park design. See: Simo 1988; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,352-353. Major, Joshua (1786-1866): English landscape gardener. He designed the botanical gardens in Leeds and the first public parks in Manchester. His book, The Theory and Pradice of Landscape Gardening was published in 1852, and he regularly contributed to the publications of John Claudius Loudon. See: Major 1852 Mächtig, Hermann (1827-1909): German gardener. He started his education in his hometown, Breslau, and later went to Potsdam, where he studied under Gustav Meyer. He became Garden Director of the city of Berlin in 1877, after Meyer, and held the position until 1909. Both in terms of style and theory he was strongly influenced by Meyer, which secured continuity in Berlins Gardening Office. Among his projects were the control of the construction of the Treptower Park, and the design and direction of construction of Viktoriapark. More than a dozen public squares were created according to his plans in Berlin, and he also worked on the plans for the municipal cemetery, the Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde. See: Hennebo 1970; Stürmer 1991 Meyer, Gustav (1816-1877): German landscape gardener, pupil of Peter Joseph Lenné. Their most distinct revivalist design style is often referred to as ‘Lenne-Meyerische Schule’. From 1840, Meyer was Royal Garden Director and an influential lecturer in the gardening school in Potsdam. He designed hundreds of gardens and parks, among them public parks in Berlin, the Prussian garden at the International Exposition of 1867 in Paris and the open spaces at the Vienna International Exposition of 1873. He became the first Garden Director of Berlin in 1870. See: Meyer 1873; Rohde, Michael: Meyer, Gustav. In: Taylor 2006,309. Nash, John (1752-1835): English architect, seminal urban designer of London, key figure in the architectural picturesque. Nash worked under the patronage of George IV, and from 1810 he barely took commissions from others. Regent Street and Regent’s Park were laid out according to his ideas, but among his other realised plans one can find the Royal Pavilion Brighton, and the eastern facade of 152
