Csepely-Knorr Luca: Barren Places to Public Spaces. A History of Publick Park Design in Budapest 1867-1914 (Budapest, 2016)

Appendix

the Buckingham Palace. At the beginning of his career, from 1783, he worked together with Humphrey Repton, mostly on country house gardens; their first joint project was Corsham Court in 1795-1796. Repton’s son, Jolin Adey Repton worked for Nash from 1795.

See: Summerson 1980; Mansbridge 1991; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,397-398.

Nebbien, Christian Heinrich (1778-1841): German landscape gardener, engineer, economic advisor, born in Lubeck. After lengthy travels in Europe, he fled to Hungary because of the Napoleonic Wars. He was employed by the Brunswick family, creating plans for their gardens in Alsókorompa (today Dolná Krupá), Martonvásár and Soborsin (today Savârçin). He also worked for other aristocrat families such as the Andrássys and the Kohárys. His style was mostly influenced by Brown and Repton, but he also knew and referred to Hirschfelds publication.

See: Alföldy Gábor: Nebbien, Christian Heinrich In: Taylor 2006, 326.; Nehring 1985; Knight 2013; Fatsar 2015

Nesfleld, William Andrews (1794-1881): British landscape architect. Nesfield already had had a successful career as a fine art painter, before he started to work as a landscape architect. His first wellknown landscape architectural design was his own garden in Fortis Green, which was published in the Gardeners Magazine byJ.C. Loudon. His parterre designs were influenced by late 17th and early 18th century garden designs. He designed the Royal Botanical Garden in Kew, Grimson Park, the garden of the Royal Horticultural Society in Kensington, and the gardens of Holkham and Broughton Hall. In 1851 he created designs for the front courtyard of Buckingham Palace, but these were not executed. See: Ridgway 1996; Antonetti 2012; Elliott, Brent: Nesfield, William Andrews. In: Taylor 2006,326-327.

Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903): American landscape architect, social reformer and ecologist. Olmsted studied engineering and worked as a farmer before he travelled to Europe, where he was amazed by the landscape gardens. In 1858 he won the competition to design Central Park in New York with Calvert Vaux, and he started to work as a landscape architect afterwards. His parks and parkways defined the urban structure of many American cities; he designed public parks for major cities such as Brooklyn, Chicago and Boston. He designed the continuous green system of Boston, the so-called Emerald Necklace, between 1880 and 1887, linking the main green elements with parkways. Besides his actual designs, his theoretical writings also had a major influence on the development of American landscape architecture. In his paper, Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns, published in 1870, he emphasised that tine layout of new cities need to be defined through the placement of public green spaces.

See: Beveridge 1995; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,409-410.

Palóczi, (Platzer, sometimes Palóczy) Antal (1840-1927): Hungarian architect, town planner, lecturer. The main element of his professional practice was his writings on urban planning. Besides creating urban plans for cities such as Brassó (today Brasov), Nyíregyháza, Pozsony (today Bratislava) and Újvidék (today Novi Sad), he also created designs for Szabadság Square in Budapest, the new developments of the Tabán area and the Trade Fair area at Lágymányos.

See: Vajdovich 1969

Paxton, Sir Joseph (1803-1865): English horticulturist, landscape gardener and architect. He was employed by the Duke of Devonshire from 1823 in Chiswick, and became superintendent at Chats worth in 1826. He travelled extensively in Europe with the Duke, and designed the alpine garden and the palm houses in Chatsworth. From 1850, the main emphasis of his work was more on architecture; he designed the Crystal Palace in 1851 in Londons Hyde Park. He designed several public parks, such as Birkenhead Park near Liverpool, which is often regarded as the first municipal park. His influence on public park design was fundamental; the work of his pupils, Edward Milner and Edward Kemp was also decisive in the history of public parks in the United Kingdom.

See: Colquhuon 2003; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,427.

Petri, Bernhard (1767-1853): German landscape gardener, who was Ludwig Sckell’s pupil in Zweibrücken. After the French Revolution, he moved first to Vienna and later to Hungary. His most famous designs are the gardens of the Zichy Manor in Vedrőd, the gardens of the Viczay Manor in Hédervár and Sándor Park in Ráró.

See: Alföldy Gábor: Petri, Bernhard. In: Taylor 2006,376.

Pecz, Ármin Sr. (1820-1896) - Pecz, Ármin Jr. (1855-1927): Hungarian landscape gardeners, both born in Budapest. Pecz Ármin Sr. became gardener at the Royal Gardens in Buda under the direction of Antal Tost. He went on a study tour to Vienna, Bohemia, and Germany, where he studied at Lenné’s school. After returning to Hungary, he became Head Gardener at the Orczy Gardens, and

from 1856 he directed his own business. Among his designs one can find plans for Budapest Zoo, the Garden of the National Museum and the first drafts for Népliget Park. His plans were awarded prizes at the International Exhibition in London in 1871, and in Vienna in 1873. From 1882, his son, Armin Pecz Jr. directed the company; he worked on the alteration plans for Városliget Park and the Royal Gardens, and on the creation of the gardens of the Technical University and he also designed public parks in Győr. See: Pecz 1890; Anon 1896A; Alföldy, Gábor: Pecz, Ármin Sr and Armin Jr. In: Taylor 2006, 309.; Sisa 2007,125.

Räde Károly (Karl August) (1864-1946): German-bom Hungarian landscape gardener. He was bom in Jessnitz. His father, Ernst Räde was also a gardener, who died early in 1866. Räde studied in Bautzen, and later became Head Gardener for Pückler-Muskau’s widow. He had long study tours in Europe, visiting various parts of Germany, France and Belgium. He was Head Gardener of the College of Horticulture in Budapest between 1893 and 1912. Between 1907 and 1912 Räde worked with the then Head Gardener, Ilsemann to design the green spaces in Budapest Zoo, and they defined the botanical concept of the Palmhouse. He was Garden Director for Budapest between 1913 and 1930 and had to leave his post because of his neutral political standpoint.

See: Illyés 1993

Repton, Humphrey (1752-1818): the leading English landscape gardener at the turn of the 19th century. He regarded the principles of Capability Brown as the ones to follow, however in terms of planting and garden buildings he turned away from the style his predecessor. The main novelty of his theory was that he adopted formality in the immediate surroundings of the house, and used terraces and geometrical flower beds instead of an informal, picturesque layout. He introduced the term landscape gardening. His Red Books contributed largely to his success, in which he presented the existing and the designed views of the garden with the help of moveable flaps. He published his principles in publications such as Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, published in 1795, Observations on the Theory and Practice on Landscape Gardening published in 1803 and Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, published in 1816.

See: Daniels 1999; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,474-475.

Sckell, Friedrich Ludwig von (1750-1823): German landscape gardener. He studied in Schwetzingen and also worked as an apprentice in Bruchsal and Versailles. Between 1773 and 1777 he studied in England, and was influenced by Brown and Chambers. Between 1776 and 1804 he was employed in Schwetzingen by Karl Theodor Bavarian Elector, and during this time he designed the first public promenade in Mannheim. He worked on the creation of the Englischer Garten in Munich from 1789; in 1804 he received the title Court Garden Director, and moved to Munich to direct the works. He also worked on the alteration of the Nymphenburg Gardens.

See: Hannwacker 1992; Freyberg 2000,37-44.

Sennholz, Gustav (1850-1895): gardener and horticulturist, bom in Frankfurt. He studied in Kassel and Potsdam, and later served as a gardener in Bockenheim between 1874 and 1884. Between 1884 and 1895 he was Head of the Municipal Parks Department in Vienna. His most important work was the creation of the first phase of the Türkenschanzpark, officially opened in 1888. He also participated in the layout of Karlsplatz and the green spaces of Gürtelstrasse.

See: Loidl-Reisch 2007,88.

Siebeck, Rudolph Hermann (1812-1878): Leipzig-born landscape gardener, worked in Leipzig and Vienna. From 1826 to 1829 he studied to be a gardener in Altenburg, and later enrolled to study botany at the University of Leipzig in 1829. After his studies, he went on study tours to Europe. Between 1842 and 1845 he worked in Vienna as a gardener for Carl Freiherr von Hügel. From 1846 to 1857 Siebeck worked as a municipal gardener in Leipzig. He returned to Vienna in 1861 to work as a municipal gardener, and in 1871, until his retirement in 1878, he acted as the first Garden Director of Vienna. He created designs, among others, for the Stadtpark, Schönbompark, the avenues of the Ringstrasse in Vienna, but worked in other cities of the Monarchy as well, for example in Zagreb.

See: Loidl-Reischl 2007,86-87.

Vaux, Calvert (1824-1895): English-born American architect and landscape architect. He moved to the United States of America in 1850, where he worked with Downing until 1852, and took part in designing various public parks such as Central Park in New York and Prospect Park in Brooklyn, as the partner of Frederick Law Olmsted between 1857 and 1870. Among his architectural works, the plans for the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York are of especial importance.

See: Alex 1994; Fleming-Honour-Pevsner 1999,604.

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