Román János (szerk.): Borsodi levéltári évkönyv 4. (Miskolc, 1981)
Angol nyelvű összefoglaló
exist a village which had developed into a „market-town” in the county Borsod under the cover of the feudal system, which had been getting into a more and more hopeless situation. The treatise helps to carry out a synthesis in the history of the village administration, what has long been overdue. TURKISH TAXING IN THE COUNTY BORSOD BEFORE THE FORTRESS OF EGER FELL, 1544-1596 Előd Vass The south-western part of the county Borsod got under Turkish rule in 1544. In the neighbouring county Heves the sanjak of Hatvan was formed with Hatvan as its head-quarters in the same year. In the assessment of taxes by the Turks in 1548, known at present as the first one, there were as many as seven villages of the county Borsod. In the sanjak of Hatvan the number of settlements was permanently increasing up to 1570 in the successive assessments by the Turks. In the meantime, in 1544 the Turks formed a new sanjak in the neighbouring county Nógrád with Fülek as its head-quarters. In the sanjak of Fülek there were 128 villages situated in the northern part of the county Borsod mentioned in the assessment for the year 1570. The nahije was a smaller unit of area as compared with the sanjak and in the county Borsod there were five of them /Miskolc, Ónod, Eger, Dédes, Putnok/ belonging to the sanjak of Hatvan and two /Szendrő, Putnok/ belonging to the sanjak of Fülek. The Turks were able to increase the area of the sanjaks of Hatvan and Fülek up till 1570 inspite of the resistance of the Hungarian border fortresses /Eger, Cserépvár, Diósgyőr, Ónod, Szendrő/ and even behind their areas. The number of registered towns, inhabited and uninhabited villages, farmsteads situated in the seven Turkish nahijes of the county Borsod is shown in tables for the year 1580. We also compared the unit number „hane” of the taxpayers with the number of registered taxpayers in each community to illustrate the nature of settlements and the population. The sums of Turkish polltaxes (cizye), taxes imposed by Turkish landowners (rusum sahibarazi), and Turkish lump-taxes (bervech-, mestuh-nakid) are shown in separate tables for towns, inhabited and uninhabited villages, farmsteads. On the territory of the seven nahijes examined by us there was a population of about 24 thousand people round 1580. The numerical and territorial distribution of the population is shown in tables. On the basis of the number of taxpayers registered by the Turks in each community, it can be established that there were small villages in the northern part of the county Borsod, villages of medium size in the south-eastern part, and big villages in the south-western part of the county. Most uninhabited villages, though their lands were cultivated by neighbouring villages, were found in the nahije of Ónod. Hungarian taxing was maintained by the fortress of Eger and other fortresses even on areas occupied by the Turks. The county Borsod was situated in a borderland which was occupied and partly not occupied, but taxed in any case by the Turks. During the whole period of the Turkish rule, both Turkish and Hungarian taxings were maintained. The examination of Turkish taxing in 1580 reflects well the nature of settlement and the social and economic relationships in the county Borsod for one year. 316
