Román János (szerk.): Borsodi levéltári évkönyv 4. (Miskolc, 1981)
Angol nyelvű összefoglaló
REGULATIONS OF FISHERY IN THE REGION OF THE RIVERS BODROG AND UPPER TISZA FROM THE 16TH TO THE 18TH CENTURY Miklós Pap The environs of Tokaj and the marshlands of Bodrog and Taktaköz and, first of all, the abundance in fish in the old days was the basis of rise of this very important occupation. Fishing on this area was just as significant in the past centuries as agricultural production or viniculture. The abundance in fish in early days is referred to in the arms of the county by five rivers and three fish and, what is more, there are people who try to derive the name Tokaj from the words „tok” (meaning sturgeon) and „háj” (as an old form for „hal” meaning fish). The oldest source showing the great number of fish in the rivers of the county Zemplén is „The Wonderful Waters of Hungary” by György Vehrner published in Cologne in 1595. Like on other areas, here also lived meadow and dragnet fishers, who, forming groups called „gyalomalj” of six people, themselves elected their office-bearers (fishing mayor, fishery master etc.), and under their leadership and instructions they used to fish with such methods (szegye, fok etc.) which are unknown in our days; their tools were most varying. Beginning from king Kálmán’s laws applying to fishing these fisheries had been fishing under strict regulations in the waters which were in the authority of squires and they had had to deliver their quota of fish, among them there were the obligatory species like hausen, sturgeon, sterlet etc. From the regulations of fishery in the 17th and 18th centuries, it is those of Tokaj and Sárospatak which give us information as for the organization of early fishing, its legal and production relations, the species of fishes at that time and fishing terminology. Over and about that these regulations bring to light the social relations, customs of various geographical units and the living standard formed under different economic measures. FAIRS, MARKETS IN THE TOKAY VINE-GROWING DISTRICT, 1711-1849 István Hőgye Based on archival sources, the treatise sums up the history of fairs and markets in the settlements of Hegyalja (Tokay vine-growing district) from 1711 — 1849. It shows the part fairs used to play in people’s life and the many functions they used to have. It goes into details concerning the difference between fairs and markets. It offers a historical survey of fair privileges between the 13th and 19th centuries, and fixes the time of fairs for every town involved. It lays stress on the similarity and difference between fair regulations. It tells about the market inspector’s tasks, duties, income and oath. It describes the life of fairs and markets, inner and outer market-places, black markets, cattle and open markets. It depicts the whole process of market beginning from the reservation of place to the end: unloading, collecting of market-dues, selling, choice of goods, market-measures, currencies, number of marketers. 317
