Prékopa Ágnes (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 31. (Budapest, 2017)

Szabolcs KONDOROSY: Types of Smoking Pipe Widespread in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th Century in Connection with Archaeological Finds from Onetime Várad Cathedral (Budapest Museum of Applied Arts)

there came from the cargo of a ship that sank in the Adriatic. The only example from Malta was also retrieved from the harbour bed. The only example from Barcelona was found on dry land, but its material and refined workmanship sets it apart from local products of the time, precluding the possibility of local production. Venice had a very standardized pipe-making tradition which did not admit even much smaller variations. The six pipes of Mytilene type among the 1500 do not seem sufficient to propose it as the place of manufacture, but it cannot be excluded. Istanbul would be logical, but there is as yet no evidence for this.26 It may be significant that it would have appeared in the Balkans in the same way as other Istanbul types. This type is also unknown in the Hódoltság, although a

few examples had reached this area and served as models for new forms. The absence of inland finds points to the dominant significance of sea trade for the place of manufacture.

Derivatives of the type display a wide variety. Some of them have retained the basic cylindrical form to some extent. One such is the Mangalian pipe,27 which has concentric, nested wheel, star and ring reliefs on the ends of the cylinder that directly take after the basic pattern, but their glossy black colour is a major departure. One pipe from Damascus28 largely retains the original shape of the head but its wreath and the stamped patterns on the side of the cylinder are local, Syrian features. On an undecorated pipe of unknown origin found in Pomégues, the cylinder has been re5. The Várad examples originating from the horizontal cylindrical bowl type pipe: 1-2. transitional forms, 3-7. spherical-rosette type, 8-10. further developed forms

14