Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

orbital height and in the nasal breadth with their related indices. These are followed by the bizygomatic diameter, the upper facial height, the upper facial and cranial indices, the transversal diameter and the height of cranium as well as its height-longitudinal index and the longitudinal diameter. When analyzing the intergroup variability of the trait complexes it could be observed that the Avars from the Danube-Tisza interfluvial were more uniform than the Avars from the two other regions. The Arpadian epoch Hungarians inhabiting the interfluvial were heterogeneous to a higher degree than the Avars from the same region. The level of variability can be regarded more or less similar to Transdanubia from the Avar Period to the 13th century. Such significant changes may probably be connected with the appearance of the Conquering Hungarians. The Arpadian epoch population of Transdanubia seems to be more variable on the basis of its craniological peculiarities than the inhabitants of the southern part of the Trans-Tisza Plain in the same epoch. The population of Arpadian epoch North-Hungary reveals a higher degree of heterogeneity than the Hungarians who lived in the southern part of he Trans-Tisza Plain in the same period. It can be established that with the exception of the relatively homogeneous population of the southern parts of the Trans-Tisza Plain, all inhabitants of Hungary from the Arpadian era reflect heterogeneity of approximative equal degree. Recent period Hungarians seem to be more homogeneous than the summarized groups from the end of Medieval times. The geographical and epochal variability of the trait complexes was predisponated not only by the immigration of Conquering Hungarians. The proportions of the dolichocran, narrow-faced and leptorhynic elements (hypomorphic after the N. N. Tseboksarov's terminology, 1935) was significantly higher in the composition of Late Roman period Transdanubians than in the Avar period population from the same area. The summarized group from Late Roman period of Transdanubia contains hypomorphic components findings its analogies in the series of the Roman period male crania found in Switzerland. The absolute values of the trait complexes convincingly reflect the dominance of the hypomorphic component in the composition the Halstatt and La Tene epoch populations inhabiting the East-Alpian zones bordering on Transdanubia. Thus the hypomorphic component was one of the determinant in the formation of the Central Danubian variant already in early and late Neometallic times. The elements of the massive Protoeuropid component might have infiltrated into the Alpine-Carpathian (Central Danubian) area of quite gracile Mediterranean forms during the Neolithic and not only from the Atlantobaltic North but from the Ponto-Caspian zone of East-Europe, too. The summarized group of the final Medieval population and contemporary Romans seems to be different according to the amplitude of the variability of their craniological traits from the Arpadian epoch series of the southern parts of Trans-Tisza Plain and North-Hungary, and from that of the summarized group of contemporary Hungarians, too. It can be stated that in the Central Danubian region raceformation processes of the 2nd millennium followed a pattern differing to the ones which took part in the eastern and southern Carpathian region. The increasing tendency of the intergroup variability of trait complexes begun in the Late RomanSarmatian period and went on during the Arpadian dynasty period when the degree of the heterogeneity reached its maximum. Such a marked change of the epochal variability seems to be connected with the appearance of Conquering Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin first of all. The great values of the bizygomatic diameter and the ones of the upper height of the facial skeleton of the ancient Hungarian male population provide evidence supporting the infiltration of the massive Proto-Europoid component from the Ponto-Caspian zone of East Europe into the Central Danubian Basin. It seems to be of great significance that the arithmetic mean-values of the craniological series of Conquering Hungarians were closing on the upper limit of the value-amplituds of the Sarmatian groups from the Lower Volga, the Ukraine and the southern Cis-Ural region. During the last one and a half millennia the diapason of intergroup variability became narrower according to nearly almost all craniological traits in the summarized series of the final Medieval times and contemporary period male crania of the Central Danubian region. Nevertheless the decrease of variability observed is not significant as its parameters exceed the homogeneity level. It can be noted that the