Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

The North-Western complex differs from the one mentioned in the dominance of the mixed shade of eyes (64%), in the maximal beard growth among Hungarians (ball 2.98) in the highest percentage of the convex nasal bridge (24.6%), in the somewhat smaller stature (167.4 cm), in the lower face (125.3 mm), in the smallest bizygomatic diameter (141.9 mm), in the minimal size of the transversal diameter of the head (155.4 mm) and in a reduced brachycephaly (82.9). The central anthropological complex inhabits the Tisza basin mainly. The dominance of eyes with mixed shade is characteristic for this complex (50-60%) as well as that of dark hair (70-80%) and the dominance of the straight nasal bridge over the convex and concave ones. Stature is moderately tall (168-170 cm) and chest hair is somewhat weaker developed than that of the previous complexes. Beard growth seems to be quite significant (2.71-2.94) in this complex. The central complex is characterized by a lower face (125126 cm). The bizygomatic diameter reaches its maximal value (143.5-144.6 mm) with this complex. Mesoprosopy is characteristic (86.2-87.2) and it is close to the minimal value of leptoprosopy. The transversal diameter of the head has a high value (157-158 mm), as in the South-Western complex. Some mosaicity can be observed according to the head-index (83.6-85.2). It deserves attention that the somatological characteristics of this central complex could be found in the male population of the six ethnogeographical zones of Hungarians. A determining role of the central complex is reflected by the comparative analysis in the formation of the Central Danubian variant. Hungarian specialists (Bartucz, Lipp, Nemeskéri, Farkas & Lipták made use of the typologizing methods elaborated by the research groups of Eickstedt and Tshekanovksy in the evaluation of the anthropological composition of recent Hungarians. The possibility of the definition of race-characters of a given individuum is implicated in these methods but the neglect the territory-bounding of the given racial types (Bunak 1971). Nevertheless the typologizing methods can be considered worn out according to the principals elaborated for race-analysis (Jarcho 1934, Debets 1954). As far as the possibility of the existence of some race-components (or elements) is concerned in the territory of the Central Danubian Basin the author carried out wide-ranging analyses with two criteria in mind: the compactness of the distribution of certain somatological traits and the degree of their geographic coordination. When approaching the situation this way it could be stated that the territorial complexes constituting it within the limits of the Central Danubian variant contained the components of the Pontic, Noric, Dinarian and Alpine races. Most significant of these is the Pontic race which is present in its NorthCaucasian variant in the central anthropological complex of Hungarians but it occurs in both eastern complexes of the country, too. The Nordic race-type is concentrated first of all in the Northern part of German Tirol in the dolina of Lech along the Voralrberg frontier and the upper reach of the river Dráva (Tseboksarov 1941). It seems to be present mainly in the South-Western and North-Western complexes of Hungarian males. We have to mention that the Dinaric and the Alpine components are present only in subordinated character in all ihese complexes. The Central Danubian variant represents a peculiar concentration of the different characteristics of the two main Southern and Northern components of the Europoid race-stock in the quite complicated anthropological composition of the Hungarian people. Though no area within the territory of present Hungary can be identified with this variant the complexes constituting it are distributed according to the local and zonal groups of Hungarians.